论文总字数：24908字

摘 要

血栓形成是一种死亡率极高的致命性疾病，目前用于临床治疗的抗血栓药物存在着许多的副作用与局限性，用于诊断血栓的非侵入性成像技术不足，临床诊断的医学影像难以对早期血栓进行诊断，导致血栓病人往往得不到更及时、完善的治疗。

随着遗传学、材料科学和生物工程等科学技术高速发展，微观分子之间相互作用的间隙得到弥合，纳米技术得到高速发展，对纳米药物的研究和开发逐渐增多，功能化抗血栓纳米药物的研究逐步增加。大量学者对可以用于医学诊断和治疗的功能化抗血栓纳米药物做出探索，为解决血栓患者的治疗做出了努力。

本文对目前用于临床治疗的部分常规抗血栓药物的种类、副作用及其局限性进行了简要介绍，对一些具有代表性、创新性的功能化抗血栓纳米药物的研究进行综述，探究了功能化抗血栓纳米药物在未来的医学应用上的前景。

在过去的许多研究中，发现纳米银具有良好的光学性质、抗菌性和抗血栓活性，不仅可以作为光敏剂或放射增敏剂，还可以作为药物中的抗病毒剂与抗癌治疗剂。本文着重对纳米银粒子的抗血栓作用与合成方法的研究进行综述，预估了纳米银在抗血栓治疗上的医学前景，讨论了纳米银在抗血栓治疗和诊断的应用中可能遇到的风险和挑战。

关键词：抗血栓药物 纳米银 功能化纳米粒子 血栓症

Research on Functionalized Antithrombotic Nanomedicine

ABSTRACT

Thrombosis is a fatal disease with a very high mortality rate. The current antithrombotic drugs used in clinical treatment have many side effects and limitations. The non-invasive imaging technology used to diagnose thrombosis is insufficient, and themedical imaging of clinical diagnosis is difficult to diagnose early thrombosis, resulting in patients with thrombosis often failing to receive more timely and complete treatment.

With the rapid development of science and technology such as genetics, materials science and bioengineering, the gap between microscopic molecules has been bridged, nanotechnology has developed rapidly, research and development of nanomedicines has gradually increased, and research on functionalized antithrombotic nanomedicines has gradually increased. A large number of scholars have explored functionalized antithrombotic nanomedicines that can be used for medical diagnosis and treatment, and made efforts to solve the treatment of thrombosis patients.

This paper briefly introduces the types, side effects and limitations of some conventional antithrombotic drugs currently used in clinical treatment, reviews some representative and innovative researches on functionalized antithrombotic nanomedicines, and explore the prospects of functionalized antithrombotic nanomedicines in future medical applications.

In many studies in the past, it has been found that nano-silver has good optical properties, antibacterial properties and antithrombotic activity. It can be used not only as a photosensitizer or radiosensitizer, but also as an antiviral agent and anticancer therapeutic agent in medicine. This paper focuses on the review of the research on the anti-thrombotic effects and synthesis methods of nano-silver particles, estimated the medical prospects of nano-silver in anti-thrombotic therapy, and discussed the risks and challenges that nano-silver may encounter in the application of anti-thrombotic therapy and diagnosi.

Key Words: Anti-thrombosis drugs; Nano silver; Functional nanoparticles; Thrombosis

目录

摘要 Ⅰ

ABSTRACT Ⅱ

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 血栓与抗血栓药物 1

1.1.1 血栓形成 1

1.1.2 临床常用的抗血栓药物 1

1.2 纳米药物在抗血栓治疗上的应用 3

第二章 功能化抗血栓纳米药物研究进展 4

2.1 纳米药物递药系统的优势 4

2.2 血栓诊断方面的应用 4

2.2.1 常规的血栓检测手段 4

2.2.2 功能化抗血栓纳米药物在血栓诊断上的应用 5

2.3 功能化抗血栓纳米药物在血栓治疗上的应用 8

2.4 功能化纳米银的制备与表征 9

结语 13

参考文献 14

致谢 19

第一章 文献综述

1.1 血栓与抗血栓药物

1.1.1 血栓形成

心血管病(cardiovascular diseases, CVDs)是一种难以预测的致命疾病。据推算^[1]，中国2015年统计到的CVDs患者数达到了2.9亿，且至今拥有着持续上升的患病率。这种现象不仅发生在中国，在世界范围内，CVDs的死亡率也远超其他疾病，是造成死亡人数最多的疾病。于Freedman J E2005年所发表的论文^[2]中，提及静脉或动脉循环的血栓形成是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。

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