嗜热芽孢杆菌SL-2产生物乳化剂的研究毕业论文
2022-04-07 20:52:30
论文总字数:20691字
摘 要
生物乳化剂是一类由微生物代谢产生的大分子生物表面活性物质。从胜利油田油井中分离筛选到一株能产生一种生物乳化剂的细菌SL-2,经鉴定为苍白球地衣芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus pallidus strain),该菌在60℃ 高温条件下,能够以烃类物质为唯一碳源生长代谢,并对烃类物质具有良好的乳化效果。研究其产生的生物乳化剂的化学组成和理化性质对开发中高温油藏生物乳化剂具有重要意义。 实验中采用化学显色、红外光谱和氨基酸自动分析等方法确定乳化剂的化学组成;根据乳化剂在不同条件下的乳化指数(EI-24)确定其理化性质。通过结果可以得出菌株SL-2在60℃条件下生长并产生的乳化剂,其主要成分为多糖和蛋白,其中蛋白是其主要活性成分,对柴油、苯、二甲苯和煤油等石油烃均有很好的乳化效果。理化性质分析显示它是一种耐高温、耐盐、耐酸的高效乳化剂。菌株SL-2能生长在60℃高温环境中,并产生具有乳化活性的生物乳化剂,是一株能应用于中高温油藏原位驱油的潜力菌株。在石油开采、原油集输、油罐清洗和石油污染治理等领域具有潜在的应用价值。
关键词:生物乳化剂 苍白球地衣芽孢杆菌 理化性质 微生物采油
Abstract
Biological emulsifier is a type of surface active compounds produced by microorganisms. The bioemulsifier produced by a new isolatd strain from ShengLi Oilfield was studied. We isolated a strain SL-2 producing bioemulsifier and the strain was identified as Geobacillus pallidus. The strain SL-2 can grow at high temperature of 60OC with hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source. The bioemulsifier produced by SL-2 could form stable emulsions with several hydrocarbons and also shows good emulsifying activity. It is meaningful to study the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of SL-2 bioemulsifier, especially for developing bioemulsifier used in higher temperature reservoirs.The chemical composition of the emulsifier was determined by the method of chemical color, infrared spectrum and amino acid automatic analysis. The physical and chemical properties were determined according to the emulsifying index (EI24) under different conditions.Strain SL-2 could grow and produce bioemulsifier under the condition of 60 OC , and its main components were polysaccharide and protein, and the protein is the main active component. The bioemulsifier can form stable emulsion with different hydrocarbon such as diesel, benzene, xylene and kerosene oil. Physicochemical properties analysis showed that it is a kind of bioemulsifier with high temperature resistance, salt tolerance and acid tolerance.Strain SL-2 can grow at 60 OC, high salt environment, and produce a bioemulsifier with excellent emulsifying activity towards EOR. It is a potential strain which can be applied in the oil reservoir in situ. It has potential application values in the fields of oil exploitation, oil gathering and transportation, oil tank cleaning and oil pollution control.
Keywords: Bio-emulsifier; Geobacillus pallidus strain; Physical and chemical performance; MEOR
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
目 录 1
第一章 绪论 2
1.1 低渗透油藏的开发 2
1.2 微生物驱油技术 2
1.3 生物乳化剂与原油的作用 3
1.4 微生物采油技术国内外发展概况 4
1.5 研究目的、意义、内容以及拟解决问题 5
第二章 材料与方法 6
2.1 实验材料 6
2.2 实验方法 8
第三章 结果与讨论 13
3.1 目的菌株的鉴别 13
3.2 生物乳化剂定性实验 14
3.3 乳化剂理化性质分析 18
第四章 结论与展望 22
4.1 主要结论 22
4.2 展望 22
参考文献 23
致 谢 25
第一章 绪论
1.1 低渗透油藏的开发
石油作为国家经济发展的支柱性能源,对国家经济结构和走向起着尤为关键的作用。近期更新的石油存储数量评价结果说明,我国低渗透油藏所占比重已达到70%以上,而且低渗透油藏原油产量所占比重也在随着时间的增加逐渐增长,2008年已占37.6%[1],说明低渗透油藏在油田开发过程中的地位与日俱增,正在逐渐成为开发的主体[2]。低渗透油藏的主要特点是低丰度、低压、低产,一般采用注水开发,但由于注入压力高、含水上升快、水驱动力较低,油藏水驱采收率不到20%,大部分原油滞留于油层中无法有效利用。因此,如何开发低渗透油藏已荣登中国油气开采领域的重要研究内容[3]。
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