论文总字数：26025字

摘 要

随着工业的飞速发展，重金属污染的废水已经引发了环境问题，其中以含铬废水的影响最为突出，所以处理含铬重金属废水显得尤为重要。将高毒易容Cr(VI)还原为低毒难容Cr(III)是含铬处理废水的关键。由于传统的物理化学方法处理含铬复合重金属废水具有耗能高、污泥产量大、易造成二次污染等缺点，因此，迫切需要研发高效廉价的生物技术来处理含铬金属废水。微生物燃料电池（Microbial Fuel Cell，MFC）是一种以微生物作催化剂通过将分解有机物释放的化学能转化为电能的一种装置，其具有以下优点：经济高效、原料广泛、清洁环保、污泥产量低、反应条件温和等，为含铬重金属废水处理提供一个新方向和一条新思路。

基于以上思路，本文详细地研究了利用化学阴极MFC对含铬重金属废水的处理，以阴极液初始Cr(VI)浓度为100mg/L，Cu(II)浓度为400mg/L，来设置Cr组、Cu组和CrCu组，通过微生物燃料电池（MFC）外接不同电阻（10Ω,510Ω,1000Ω,2000Ω）来比较不同外电阻条件下Cu（II）离子对MFC阴极去铬性能的影响。主要研究了在不同外电阻条件下的产电情况、Cr(VI)的去除情况和Cu（II）的去除情况。研究结果表明：化学阴极在外接电阻为10Ω时，MFC产电性能及去铬效果均最佳，电池最大输出电压达到了10.0mV，最大输出功率密度为60.03mW/m2，在比较各组Cr（VI）的去除情况时候，第一个周期内Cr（VI）的去除率最高，CrCu组Cr(VI)的去除率（%）为62.46±0.34，Cr组Cr（VI）的去除率（%）为26.84±1.11，CrCu组较Cr组提高了132.67%；在比较Cu（II）去除情况时候，第一个周期内Cu（II）的去除率最高，Cu组Cu（II）的去除率（%）为99.69±0.54，CrCu组Cu（II）的去除率（%）为81.74±5.28，Cu组较CrCu组提高了21.96%。化学阴极MFC可在还原Cr(VI)的同时还原Cu(II)，并且Cu(II)的添加对MFC的产电及去铬均起到促进作用。

关键词：微生物燃料电池;化学阴极;六价铬;二价铜;重金属废水处理

Abstract

With the rapid development of industry, the pollution of heavy metal wastewater has led to environmental problems,especially chromium(VI)-containing wastewater, so ,the treatment of chromium(VI)-containing heavy metal wastewater is extremely important.Reducing high toxicity of Cr (VI) to the low toxicity of Cr (III) is the key of chromium-containing wastewater treatment.Due to Traditional physico-chemical chromium-containing wastewater treatment has disadvantage of high energy consumption,Large sludge production,and easy cause of secondary pollution,and thus, the urgent development of efficient and low-cost biological technology is to treat chromium-containing heavy metal wastewater.Microbial fuel cell (MFC) uses microorganisms as catalyzer to degrade organics and transfer the chemical energy into electrical energy from the decomposition process of organics,which has advantages of: Economical and high-efficiency,a wide range of raw materials,clean and green, low Sludge production, moderate conditions for reaction, offers a new direction and a new idea for chromium-containing heavy metal wastewater treatment.

Based on aforementioned situation,in this paper，systematic study on the treatment of chromium-containing high metal wastewater in chemical-cathode MFC is used in detail.The cathode liquid initial Cr (VI) concentration is 100mg / L, the concentration of Cu (II) 400 mg /L prepare three kinds of solution of Cu, Cr, CrCu,through the microbial fuel cell （MFC） External different resistance (10Ω,510Ω,1000Ω,2000Ω)to compare the effect of Cu(II) ions on the properties of chromium removal in chemical-cathode MFC.The situation of Electricity generation, the removal of Cr (VI) and the removal of Cu (II) under different external resistance were investigated.The main research contents and results are summarized show that: The producing electrical properties of MFC and the effect of chromium removal is best when the chemical cathode with an external resistor for 10 Ω, the maximum output voltage of battery is 16.0 mV, The maximum output power density of battery is 60.03 mW/m2, when comparing the situation of Cr (VI) removal , The removal rate of Cr (VI) was the highest in the first period, CrCu group, The removal rate of Cr (VI) in is 62.46%；Cr group,the removal rate of Cr(VI) is 26.84%，and Compared with the Cr group, the CrCu group increased by 132.67%; when comparing the situation of Cu (II) removal , The removal rate of Cu (II) was the highest in the first period, CrCu group, The removal rate of Cu (II) in is 99.69%；Cr group,the removal rate of Cu (II) is 81.74%，and Compared with the Cr group, the CrCu group increased by 21.96%.MFC can be restored in reducing Cr (VI) and Cu (II) in Chemical cathode at the same time,and the addition of Cu (II) Play a role in promoting the producing electrical properties of MFC and the effect of chromium removal.

Key words:Microbial Fuel Cell(MFC);Biocathode;Cr(VI);Cu(II);treatment of heavy metal wastewater

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 文 献 综 述 1

1.1能源发展与环境问题 1

1.2微生物燃料电池的研究 2

1.2.1 微生物燃料电池的研究背景 2

1.3 微生物燃料电池 3

1.3.1 微生物燃料电池的构造和原理 3

1.4 微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的应用 4

第二章 实验材料与方法 5

2.1实验主要的试剂和仪器 5

2.1.1.1主要试剂 5

2.1.1.2主要仪器 5

2.1.2实验装置 6

2.2实验方法 6

2.2.1 MFC的接种及启动运行 6

2.2.2MFC性能参数测定及计算 7

第三章 结果与讨论 8

3.1 不同外电阻条件下铜离子对MFC阴极去铬性能的影响 8

3.1.1 外电阻10Ω条件下 8

3.1.2 外电阻510Ω条件下 11

3.1.3 外电阻1000Ω条件下（阴极加缓冲液） 15

3.1.4 外电阻2000Ω条件下 18

第四章 结论与展望 22

4.1结论 22

4.2 展望 22

参考文献 24

附录 26

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