镍催化内消旋酸酐的去对称化亲电试剂的交叉偶联反应研究毕业论文
2022-01-31 21:51:51
论文总字数:33547字
摘 要
交叉偶联反应原本主要由亲电试剂与亲核试剂进行交叉偶联,经由过渡金属催化后,是一类非常高效的构建碳-碳键的方法。但是最近几年使用两种不同的亲电试剂进行交叉偶联反应有取代原本经典的亲电试剂与亲核试剂进行交叉偶联反应的趋势。这是因为使用亲电试剂与亲核试剂进行的交叉偶联反应必须使用对湿度敏感的有机金属试剂,而两种不同的亲电试剂的交叉偶联反应则可避免使用到这种试剂。我们决定在镍催化的情况下,进一步探寻芳基三氟甲磺酸类化合物和环状酸酐的交叉偶联反应,从而寻找一种合成酮酸类化合物的方法。为了提高目标产物的产率,经过初步的研究之后,我们首先探索了反应的温度及反应的时间,并且得到了:当使用环状内消旋酸酐1a和芳基三氟甲磺酸盐2a为反应物;Ni(COD)2/bipy为催化剂,ZnI2为添加剂,DMA作为溶剂,且反应时间为12 h,反应温度为80 ℃时,反应的产率最高的结论。接着,我们研究了10种不同的镍盐,力求找到最优的催化剂,最终我们选择了Ni(COD)2。当我们调节两种原料的比例,可以发现当两种底物为1:1时的产率最高。最后我们探寻了多种添加剂,因为发现了碘化锌对反应体系有明显的促进作用,所以我们认为ZnI2是最适合的选择,且产率最高为78 %。经过进一步研究后我们发现,这个反应适用于各种具有不同立体结构和电子结构的芳基三氟甲磺酸盐,以及各种结构独特的环状酸酐。
关键词:亲电交叉偶联 镍催化 优化 芳基三氟甲磺酸盐
Abstract
Cross-coupling reaction which was mainly composed of electrophilic reagents with nucleophilic reagent, is a kind of very effective method of constructing C- C bonds. However, in recent years, the cross-coupling reaction of two different electrophilic reagents has been used to replace the classical reaction. This is because humidity sensitive organometallic reagents must be used for the classical reaction, and two different kinds of electrophilic reagent of cross-coupling reaction can avoid to use the reagent. Therefore, we decided to explore the symmetrical cross-coupling reaction of aryl trifluorometril sulfonate and annular anhydride in nickel catalysis, So we look for a way to synthesize ketoacids. To improve the yield of target product, after a preliminary study, we first explore the reaction temperature and reaction time, and got the: when using cis-1,2-cyclohexanol dicarboxylic acid anhydride 1a three fluorine sulfonate and aryl 2a as reactants; Ni(COD)2/ bipy as catalyst, ZnI2 as additive, dimethyl acetamide as solvent, and the reaction time of 12 h, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the reaction yield was the highest. Next, we studied 10 different nickel salts and tried to find the best catalyst. Finally, we chose Ni(COD)2. When we adjust the ratio of the two raw materials, we can find that the yield is the highest when the two substrates are 1:1. Finally, several additives were explored, and since zinc iodide was found to significantly promote the reaction system, they were considered the most suitable option, with a maximum yield of 78 %. After further study, we found that this reaction is suitable for various aryl trifluoromethane sulfonates with different three-dimensional structures and electronic structures, as well as various annular anhydride with unique structures.
Key words: Cross-coupling reaction; Nickel catalysis; Optimize; aryl trifluorometril sulfonate
目 录
摘要..............................................................................................................................Ⅰ
Abstract......................................................................................................................Ⅱ
第一章 文献综述
1.1 背景...........................................................................................................1
1.1.1 构建碳-碳键的发展.......................................................................1
1.1.2 镍盐的优点....................................................................................6
1.2 手性配合物的发展历程...........................................................................7
1.3 亲电偶联反应的类型...............................................................................9
1.4 研究目的和内容.....................................................................................10
第二章 实验部分
2.1 实验仪器与试剂 11
2.2 实验内容 12
2.2.1 产物3aa的制备 12
2.2.2 产物3aa的表征 13
第三章 实验结果和讨论
3.1 实验优化 15
3.1.1 实验温度的优化 15
3.1.2 实验反应时间的优化 15
3.1.3 实验用镍盐的优化 15
3.1.4 实验用添加剂的优化 16
3.1.5 实验用反应物比例的优化 17
3.1.6 对芳基三氟磺酸盐底物的拓展 19
3.1.7 对环状内消旋酸酐底物的拓展 21
3.2 实验结论及展望 21
3.2.1 实验结论. 21
3.2.2 展望 22
参考文献 23
致 谢 30
- 文献综述
1.1 背景
交叉偶联反应是指在过渡金属催化下用亲电试剂和亲核试剂构建C-X (X=C、O、N、S等)键的反应[1]。金属化合物(R-M)与芳基化合物或者烯基的卤化物(R1-X)进行交叉偶联反应可以使两种物质通经过碳碳键组合成结构复杂的新分子(R-R1)[2]。而使用过渡金属,例如:镁、镍、铁、铜、钯等,催化交叉偶联反应是一种非常高效的构建碳-碳键的方式[3],一直被广泛应用于医药、农药和精细化工产品的合成反应之中。但是最近几年使用两种不同的亲电试剂进行交叉偶联反应有取代原本经典的亲电试剂与亲核试剂进行交叉偶联反应的趋势。这是因为使用亲电试剂与亲核试剂进行的交叉偶联反应必须使用对湿度敏感的有机金属试剂[4],而两种不同的亲电试剂的交叉偶联反应则可避免使用到这种试剂。
- 构建碳-碳键的发展
在诸多通过交叉偶联构建碳-碳键的反应里,过渡金属在催化中起着至关重要的作用。
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