论文总字数：19918字

摘 要

双氯磺草胺是典型的三唑嘧啶磺胺类大豆阔叶除草剂。本课题主要研究双氯磺草胺的各种不同环境下的降解，所用器材主要为高效液相色谱仪；并运用该方法测量双氯磺草胺在多种环境介质中的降解（水、不同土壤、不同沉积物等）。本实验使用的土壤主要为太湖水稻土、江西红壤、东北黑土，水-沉积物体系为南京周边水域的南京前湖和南京外秦淮河。

本课题使用高效液相色谱分析。检测结果表明，双氯磺草胺浓度在0.1~10.0mg/L内，线性良好（R=0.9919）。双氯磺草胺添加浓度在土样中0.5~5.0mg/kg、在水样中0.5~5.0mg/L时，添加回收率分别为76.0%~98.2%、84.0%~99.6%， RSD分别为1.4%~3.8%、1.6%~6.9%。

双氯磺草胺在25℃条件下3种酸碱度的水溶液均为难水解，此时pH对双氯磺草胺影响小；50℃条件下，pH4.0属于易水解、pH7.0、pH9.0属于中等水解，表明温度的上升促进了双氯磺草胺的水解。1000W氙气灯下，双氯磺草胺在水中的光解属于较易光解；相同光源180h照射后，双氯磺草胺土壤中浓度没有明显变化，降解率为6%，在土壤表面难光解。双氯磺草胺在江西红壤常温好氧时属于易降解，常温厌氧时则在其中为中等降解；在太湖水稻田和东北黑土中，常温时、无论好氧或者厌氧皆是中等降解。25℃时，好氧或厌氧，双氯磺草胺在水-沉积物系统中的降解半衰期均小于30d，属于易降解农药。

关键词：双氯磺草胺 高效液相色谱 光解 水解 土壤降解

Study on Degradation Characteristics of Diclofenac in the Environment

ABSTRACT

Diclofenac is a typical triazopyridine sulfonamide soybean broad-leaved herbicide. This subject mainly studies the degradation of chlorfenapyr in various environments. The equipment used is mainly high-performance liquid chromatography; and the method is to test chloramphenicol disappering.What we test is water and soil,even water-sediment, at the same time ,the choice of soil is paddy soil, red soil, and black soil, and the water-sediment system was Nanjing Qianhu and Nanjing Qinhuai River.

This subject uses high performance liquid chromatography analysis. The results of the range is 0.1 ~ 10.0mg / L, and the linearity was good (R = 0.9919). When the concentration of addition is within 0.5 ~ 5.0mg / kg, the recovery range of the addition of alafenamide in soil is 76.0% ~ 98.2%, the RSD is 1.4% ~ 3.8%; At the time, the recovery rate of the addition of pendichlor was 84.0% ~ 99.6%, and the RSD was 1.6% ~ 6.9%.

The aqueous solutions of three kinds of acidity and alkalinity of diclofenac are difficult to hydrolyze at 25 ℃, at this time, pH has little effect on diclofenac; at 50 ℃, pH4.0 belongs to easy hydrolysis, pH7.0, pH9.0 It belongs to moderate hydrolysis, indicating that the increase in temperature promotes the hydrolysis of chlorfenapyr. Under the 1000W xenon lamp, the photolysis of pendimethalin in water is relatively easy to dissolve; after the same light source is irradiated for 180h, the concentration of pendimethalin in the soil does not change significantly, the degradation rate is 6%, and it is difficult to light on the soil surface solution. Diclofenac is easily degraded in red soil of Jiangxi at room temperature and aerobic, while it is moderately degraded in room temperature anaerobic; in Taihu field and black soil, it is moderately degraded at room temperature, whether aerobic or anaerobic. At 25 ℃, the degradation half-life of azoxystrobin in aerobic or anaerobic and water-sediment systems is less than 30d, which belongs to easily degradable pesticides.

Keywords: chlorfenapyr; high performance liquid chromatography; photolysis; hydrolysis; soil degradation

目录

双氯磺草胺在环境中降解特性研究 I

Study on Degradation Characteristics of Diclofenac in the Environment II

ABSTRACT II

第一章 文献综述 5

1.1引言 5

1.2农药除草剂简介 5

1.3双氯磺草胺基本信息 6

1.4农药的降解 7

1.5本研究的意义 9

第二章 双氯磺草胺的分析方法 10

2.1材料与方法 10

2.1.1试验材料 10

2.1.2标准溶液的配制 10

2.2回收率的测定 11

2.3工作曲线的绘制 11

第三章 双氯磺草胺在环境中的降解试验 15

3.1水解试验 15

3.2光解试验 16

3.3土壤降解试验 18

3.4水-沉积物系统降解试验 19

3.5数据处理 20

第四章 双氯磺草胺在环境中的降解特性 21

4.1水解试验 21

4.2光解试验 22

4.3土壤降解试验 24

4.4水-沉积物系统降解试验 28

第五章 结论和展望 32

5.1研究总结 32

5.2研究展望 32

参考文献 33

致谢 35

第一章 文献综述

1.1引言

我国是农业大国，农药的使用可以确保农作物的丰收，更能满足人口增长带来的粮食需求。但农药使用后，会通过多种熟知的途径（譬如大气、土壤、水等）污染环境。^[1]时至今日，农药带来的环境污染问题已刻不容缓了。

该项目的目的是研究双氯磺草胺在各种环境中的降解，包括水解，土壤降解，水中光解，土壤表面光解，水沉积物降解和其他降解途径。通过对双氯磺草胺降解特性的系统研究，科学合理评估农药在环境中的归趋，从而找到控制农药污染的措施，建立农药安全使用的标准，最后做到明智而安全地使用农药。

1.2农药除草剂简介

早期的农药虽然效果很好，但是对于环境的污染、人和动植物的危害极大，渐渐也禁止使用了。如今因为可持续的观念和科学发展观的普及并得到广泛地认可，未来绿色农药的趋势归于安全性能、对人和动物的毒性、降解率等方面。

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