摘 要

喹草酸是一种喹啉的羧酸衍生物类的激素型选择除草剂^[1]。最早由巴斯夫公司开发并于1984年取得其专利^[2]。其低毒、高效、特别是针对性强的特点使其成为除草剂领域里越来越受重视的剂型。本次设计主要针对喹草酸生产工艺—以3-氯-2-甲基苯胺、异丁烯醛、浓硝酸等为主要原料，碘化钾与浓硫酸作为催化剂，经过环合反应、氧化反应生成喹草酸粗品。^[13]经过后处理阶段最终得到含量在98%以上的喹草酸成品。本次设计针对上述工艺流程①完成了环合反应釜的设计，包括物料衡算与能量衡算②完成了氧化反应釜的设计，包括物料衡算与能量衡算③完成尾气处理阶段—二氧化氮吸收塔的设计及塔设备的计算与选型。本次设计的意义在于给现阶段喹草酸的工业生产提供一条新的途径、新的原料配比以及新的思路。绿色化学的倡议之一—物质的循环利用在二氧化氮吸收塔上也得到了体现

关键词：喹草酸 喹啉衍生物 环合反应 氧化反应 除草剂

Abstract

Quinmerac is a variety of hormone-type selective herbicide which is categorized to carboxylic derivative.It was invented by BASF corporation at the earliest.Moreover,they got the patent in 1984.The characters of quinmerac are low toxicity,high efficiency,in particularly,strong specific.It is the reason why quinmerac is paid more and more attention to in the filed of herbicide.This design is specific to the manufacture procedure that 3-chloro-2-methylanline is regarded as a beginning material,together with methacrolein and concentrated nitric acid is employed.The catalyst is potassium iodide and concentrated sulfate acid.The beginning material is reacted to generate quinmerac through cyclization reaction and combustion reaction.Transformed the process of latter dealing,the quinmerac production is lastly generated.This design is concerned about the stated process ①I have finished the design of cyclization reactor,including the calculation of material balance and the calculation of energy balance.②I have finished the design of combustion reactor,including the calculation of material balance and the calculation of energy balance.③I have finished the design of nitric dioxide absorb tower and the selection and calculation of relating equipment in the stage of gas dealing.The significance of this design is supply an absolutely new method,an original proportion of starting material,in addition,an innovational thought.Recycling of material which is advocated by the Green Chemistry is appeared on the absorb tower of nitric dioxide.

Keyword : quinmerac quinoline derivative cyclization reaction combustion reaction

herbicide

目录

摘要........................................................................I

1. 绪论.................................................................1
2. 环合阶段搪瓷内衬反应釜设计...........................................2

2.1 生产任务及生产时间....................................................2

2.2环合反应物料衡算......................................................2

2.2.1 物料质量衡算......................................................2

2.2.2 釜体积衡算........................................................2

2.2.3 确定筒体内径......................................................3

2.2.4 确定封头尺寸......................................................3

2.2.5确定筒体高度.......................................................3

2.2.6筒体高度修正后的V_实................................................3

2.2.7夹套相关数据.......................................................3

2.2.8筒体部分料液高度...................................................4

2.2.9液面高度...........................................................4

2.2.10夹套包围的筒体高度................................................4

2.2.11夹套筒体高度......................................................4

2.2.12釜厚度计算与校验..................................................4

2.2.13夹套壁厚的计算与校验..............................................5

2.3釜相关设备设计及选型...................................................5

2.3.1釜相关数据汇总.....................................................5

2.3.2 支座选型..........................................................6

2.3.3 搅拌器设计........................................................6

2.3.3.1 搅拌器的选型..................................................6

2.3.3.2搅拌器型式的选择...............................................6

2.3.3.3确定搅拌器的型式、几何尺寸、转速、轴功率.......................6

2.3.3.4搅拌轴强度校核及刚度计算.......................................7

2.3.4釜的传动装置.......................................................8

2.3.5常见电机及其连接尺寸...............................................8

2.3.6釜用减速机类型、标准及其选用.......................................8

2.3.7凸缘法兰...........................................................8

2.3.8安装底座...........................................................8

2.3.9机架...............................................................9

2.3.10轴封装置..........................................................9

2.4能量衡算...............................................................9

2.4.1物质比热容的确定...................................................9

2.4.2能量衡算..........................................................10

2.4.3 Q1与Q4的计算.....................................................11

2.4.4 Q5的计算..........................................................11

2.4.5 Q6的计算..........................................................11

2.4.6 Q3的计算..........................................................11

2.4.7 Q2的计算..........................................................13

第3章 氧化阶段搪瓷内衬反应釜设计...........................................14

3.1 氧化反应物料衡算.....................................................14

3.1.1 物料质量衡算......................................................14

3.1.2确定筒体内径......................................................14

3.1.3确定封头尺寸......................................................14

3.1.4确定筒体高度......................................................14