碳纳米管吸附去除水中双氯芬酸特性研究毕业论文
2022-02-25 21:08:46
论文总字数:21821字
摘 要
随着社会和经济的发展,药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)在人类和牲畜中广泛使用,被称为一类新兴污染物。由于PPCPs具有较强的持久性、生物累积性和较难生物降解性,其给人类健康和生态环境带来潜在的危险。双氯芬酸(DCF)作为PPCPs中的一种新兴污染物得到了越来越多的关注。
本研究选用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)作为固相吸附剂,通过静态实验,考察其对DCF的吸附性能。首先,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和Zeta电位对MWCNTs的形态和官能团进行了相关分析,其次探讨了关于MWCNTs投加量、pH、时间、温度等因素对吸附产生的影响。研究结果表明:MWCNTs能够快速有效的吸附去除DCF。温度298K时,300mg/L的MWCNTs吸附10mg/L的DCF在10h左右到达吸附饱和状态,去除率约为85%。DCF在MWCNTs上的吸附过程更符合准二级动力学方程。孔内扩散方程不是主要控速步骤,可能有多种扩散作用的存在。温度实验中,提高温度不利于DCF在MWCNTs上的吸附。Langmuir和Freundlich等温线与实验数据均有很好的拟合度。污染物的初始浓度越大,吸附量越大;反应的温度越高,吸附量越小。pH显著影响MWCNTs吸附水中DCF的效果。DCF吸附量在pH=4时最高,为33mg/g。
关键词:碳纳米管 吸附 双氯芬酸 动力学 热力学
Study on the Characteristics of DCF Adsorption in Carbon Nanotubes
Abstract
With the development of society and economy, as a kind of emerging contaminants, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) is widely used in human and domestic animals. Due to the PPCPs has strong persistence, bioaccumulation and difficult to biodegradability, its potential danger to human health and ecological environment. As one kind of PPCPs, diclofenac (DCF) was obtained more attention.
In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes was used as solid-phase adsorbent. The adsorption performance of MWCNTs on diclofenac was investigated by static adsorption experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectrum(FT-IR) and Zeta potential were analyzed on MWCNTs Surface morphology and functional groups. In the experiment, the effect of MWCNTs dosage, pH, time, and temperature on the MWCNTs adsorption were discussed. The results show that MWCNTs can remove DCF quickly and efficiently. At the temperature of 298K, 300 mg/L MWCNTs adsorbed 10 mg/L DCF in about 10h to reach adsorption equilibrium, the removal rate is about 85%. The results showed that the equilibrium sorption could be well modeled by a pseudo-second-order kinetic fit. The intra-particle diffusion may not be the rate-determining step, and there may be a variety of diffusion effects. In the temperature experiment, the increase of temperature is not conducive to the adsorption of DCF on MWCNTs. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models fit the data well at each temperature. The higher the initial concentration of DCF, the greater the adsorption capacity; the higher the reaction temperature, the smaller the adsorption capacity. The uptake of DCF sharply decreased with increasing pH values under alkaline conditions. The adsorption capacity of DCF was the highest at pH = 4, which was 33 mg/g.
Key Words: MWCNTs; adsorption; diclofenac ; kinetic; isotherm
目 录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 引言 1
1.1 环境中的DCF 1
1.1.1 DCF的使用情况 1
1.1.2 环境中DCF的来源 1
1.1.3 水体中DCF的污染现状 1
1.1.4 DCF去除方法 2
1.2 碳纳米管概述 3
1.2.1 碳纳米管的发现 3
1.2.2 碳纳米管吸附水中污染物 4
第二章 实验材料及方法 6
2.1 实验试剂及仪器设备 6
2.1.1 主要化学试剂和药品 6
2.1.2 实验仪器及试验装置 6
2.2 污染物基本性质 6
2.2.1 DCF的理化性质和储备液的配置 6
2.3 MWCNTs表征方法 7
2.3.1 扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM) 7
2.3.2 Zeta电位分析 7
2.3.3 傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR) 7
2.4 DCF的分析测试方法 8
2.4.1 测定方法 8
2.4.2 标准曲线的绘制 8
2.5 数据分析 8
2.5.1 吸附容量 8
2.5.2 吸附动力学 9
2.5.3 吸附等温线 10
第三章 MWCNTs的表征及吸附性能 11
3.1 MWCNTs的表征 11
3.1.1 扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM) 11
3.1.2 MWCNTs的红外光谱分析(FT-IR) 11
3.1.3 MWCNTs的Zeta电位分析 12
3.2 MWCNTs吸附DCF特性 12
3.2.1 MWCNTs量对吸附DCF影响 12
3.2.2 吸附动力学 13
3.2.3 吸附等温线 16
3.2.4 pH对去吸附的影响 18
结语 20
参考文献 21
致谢 24
第一章 引言
1.1 环境中的DCF
目前,药物和个人防护品(PPCPs)在人类、畜类、鱼类当中被广泛的应用[1]。在全球生态环境中残留的不同种类的药物主要以抗生素等为主,由于其挥发性较低或不易降解,因而会残留在环境中,检出量较大[2]。由于对生态环境和人体健康具有潜在危害,PPCPs作为一种新兴污染物日益受到人们的关注[3]。大多数PPCPs以原始或被转化形式排到污水中,随其进入污水处理厂,由于含量较低,难以去除干净,因此,仍会有微量的抗生素进入水体中。因此。PPCPs的环境存在、风险评价、毒性以及去除等方面的研究,引起国内外研究者广泛关注。双氯芬酸(DCF)就属于PPCPs中新兴污染物中的一种。DCF生物降解性弱,在环境中具有持久性,因为它比较微量,在污水处理厂中并不能得到很好的去除,去除率大约是21%~40%[4],它已经在地表水,甚至在生的饮用水中检测到。
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