大型船舶港区水域操纵运动建模与仿真毕业论文
2021-03-12 00:17:59
摘 要
近年来,船舶数量增多,体积增大,使得船舶在港区水域内的操纵难度大大提升。尤其是港区内易发生浅水效应、岸壁效应、船间效应,在很大程度上增加了船舶发生事故的可能性。因此,对船舶在港区水域内的操纵运动进行模拟就非常必要了。通过对船舶在港区内的操纵运动进行仿真预报,可以让驾驶员更加清楚的发现自己在操纵上存在着的一些潜在的可以避免的危险因素,大大减少人为因素所造成的一些碰撞事故、搁浅事故的发生,使船舶的安全性大大提高。
本文采用了MMG分离模型,在考虑了浅水效应、岸壁效应、船间效应的影响的基础上,建立了船舶在港区水域内的操纵运动数学模型。利用MATLAB编写了模拟计算程序,对一条已知试验数值的船舶进行模拟计算,将模拟结果与试验结果对比,以此来验证模型的正确性。然后,对给定的船舶在港区水域内的操纵运动分别进行了深水模拟计算、浅水效应模拟、岸壁效应模拟以及船间效应模拟,并对模拟结果进行了分析,给港区航行提供了可以参考的建议。在模拟时,为了得到岸壁效应和船间效应对船舶操作运动的影响规律,以岸壁效应为例,分别改变水深、岸壁倾斜角、船岸距离以及船舶航速,将得到的结果进行对比,分析得出结论。本文还进行了保向舵角研究,得到了船舶在岸壁效应、船间效应影响下的保向历时舵角曲线,对于船舶驾驶员有一定的参考价值。
关键词:港区水域;浅水效应;岸壁效应;船间效应;运动仿真;
ABSTRACT
In recent years, both the number and the volume of ships has increased, which makes it difficult to manoeuvre the ship in the port. Especially the effect of shallow water, bank-ship interaction effect and ship-ship interaction effect, make it easier for ships to come across the accidents. So, it is necessary to simulate the ship's maneuvering motion in the port. Through the simulation prediction of ship maneuvering motion within the port area, allowing the driver to clearly found some potential risk factors can be avoided in the manipulation of their existence, greatly reducing the human factors accounting for grounding accidents, therefore, the safety of the ship is greatly improved.
In this paper, the author uses the MMG separation model to establish the ship maneuvering motion model in port waters, considering the influence of shallow water, bank-ship interaction effect and ship-ship interaction effect. A simulation program is written through MATLAB. Before using the model, a ship with experimental values is simulated, and the simulation results are compared with the experiment to verify the correctness of the model. Then, the maneuvering motion of a given ship in port water has been simulated, and the simulation results are analyzed, and puts forward some suggestions to the ship driver.
In the simulation, in order to get laws of bank-ship interaction effect and ship-ship interaction effect, to make the former as an example, changing water depth, quay inclination, the distance between ship and shore and ship speed, comparing the results and drawing out conclusions. In this paper, the author has also studied the rudder angle which can keep the ship still navigate in its direction under the influence of bank-ship interaction effect and ship-ship interaction effect .And draw the curve of rudder angle varing to the time, which has a certain reference value for ship driver.
Key Words: the water area of the port; the effect of shallow water; bank-ship interaction effect; ship-ship interaction effect ; the simulation of the ship maneuvering motion
目录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1研究背景及意义 1
1.2研究现状 2
1.2.1船舶操纵运动建模研究现状 2
1.2.2水动力导数研究现状 3
1.3研究内容及方法 3
第2章 船舶操纵运动数学模型 5
2.1坐标系的建立 5
2.2船舶操纵运动基本方方程 5
2.3深水中船体水动力及其模型 6
2.3.1作用于船体的水动力 6
2.3.2 作用由于船上的惯性力及力矩 9
2.3.3螺旋桨产生的作用力 9
2.3.4舵产生的作用力 11
2.4浅水效应对船体水动导数的影响 13
2.4.1浅水效应对纵向水动力导数的影响 13
2.4.2浅水效应对线性水动力导数的影响 14
2.4.3浅水效应对非线性水动力导数的影响 14
2.4.4浅水效应对船体惯性力的影响 15
2.4.5浅水效应对螺旋桨力和舵力的影响 15
2.5岸壁效应对船舶操纵的影响 16
2.5.1垂直岸壁引起的岸壁效应 17
2.5.2倾斜岸壁引起的岸壁效应 17
2.5.3半潜岸壁引起的岸壁效应 17
2.5.4岸壁效应的常用公式 17
2.6船间效应对船舶操纵的影响 18
2.6.1追越时船间作用力的计算 19
2.6.2对遇时船间作用力的计算 20
2.6.3驶过系泊船时船间作用力的计算 21
第3章 模型的计算机实现与验证 23
3.1 运动方程数值算法 23
3.2主程序流程图 24
3.3模型的验证 25
3.2.1回转性能验证 25
3.2.2岸壁效应的验证 26
3.2.3船间效应的验证 28
第4章 港区水域岸壁效应仿真 30
4.1深水中仿真 30
4.2浅水效应仿真 31
4.3岸壁效应仿真 31
4.3.1不同水深下的岸壁效应仿真 32
4.3.2不同岸壁倾斜角下的岸壁效应仿真 32
4.3.3不同岸壁距离下的岸壁效应仿真 33
4.3.4不同航速下的岸壁效应仿真 34
4.4保向舵角分析 35
4.5 油船靠离码头仿真 37
第5章 港区水域船间效应仿真 39
5.1不同水深下的船间效应仿真 39
5.2不同横距下的船间效应仿真 40
5.3不同船速下的船间效应仿真 42
5.4不同船舶大小下的船间效应仿真 44
5.5船间效应保向舵角研究 46
5.6 拖船靠离码头仿真 47
5.6.1 船间距的影响 48
5.2.2 航速的影响 49
第6章 结论与展望 50
6.1结论 50
6.2展望 51
参考文献 52
附录 54
1) 动画仿真处理代码 54
2) 船岸干扰力计算 54
3) 船间干扰力计算 55