论文总字数：23292字

摘 要

随着经济水平的快速增长和国民需求变多，农村每天制造出来的生活垃圾越来越多，种类也越来越丰富。我国农村生活垃圾治理在以往并没得到足够的重视。而农村生活垃圾得不到科学有效的治理，不仅会污染环境、占用土地资源，也会对人类的健康造成伤害。为了建设美丽乡村，改善农村人居环境，国务院发布了《农村人居环境三年行动计划》：力争到2020年，实现90%左右村庄的生活垃圾得到治理。^[1]目前已有许多学者及专家针对我国农村生活垃圾治理的现状提出了一些建议，促进农村生活垃圾治理的合理化，而关于试点过后的生活垃圾治理现状和仍存在的问题研究较少。

本文一方面对已有的相关文献进行分析和总结，另一方面对所研究的无锡市福山村进行实地考察，并走访居民，对福山村生活垃圾治理的具体情况进行问卷调查。该课题通过理论研究和实地研究相结合的方式，了解福山村在进行垃圾治理的试点过后是取得了一定成效的，但是仍然存在基础设施不完善、村民环保意识参差不齐、垃圾治理不彻底等问题。因此，切实提高农村生活垃圾治理水平，应该政府、村委会、居民等多方参与，协同治理，从而达到预期效果。

关键词：农村 生活垃圾 困境 治理

Study on the Management of Rural Household Garbage in the Construction of Beautiful Village——Taking the Fushan Village in Wuxi as an Example

Abstract

With the rapid growth of economic level and the increasing improvement of living standards, more and more household garbage is produced in rural areas every day, and the types are becoming more and more abundant. Without timely and proper disposal of rural household garbage, not only land resources will be occupied, but also it will seriously pollute the environment. In order to build beautiful villages and improve the living environment of rural people, the state council has issued the three-year action plan on rural living environment, which intends to dispose about 90% of the household garbage in villages by 2020. Many scholars put forward some suggestions on the current situation and model of national rural household garbage management, which in order to promote the rationalization of rural household garbage management. However, there are few studies on the current situation and existing problems of household garbage management after the pilot project.

On the one hand, this paper will analyze and summarize the existing relevant literature ; on the other hand, it will conduct a field survey of fushan village in Wuxi. It will visit residents and conduct a questionnaire survey on the specific situation of household garbage management in fushan village. Through the combination of theoretical research and field research, it can be seen that fushan village has achieved certain results after the pilot waste treatment. However，there are still problems such as imperfect infrastructure construction, uneven awareness of environmental protection of villagers , incomplete waste management ,etc. Therefore, to effectively improve the level of rural household garbage treatment, the government, village committees, residents and other parties should participate in collaborative management, so as to achieve the desired effect.

Key Words: Rural; Household garbage ; Dilemma; Management

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

引言 1

（一）研究背景 1

（二）研究意义 1

1.理论意义 1

2.现实意义 2

（三）研究方法 2

1.观察法 2

2.问卷调查法 2

3.文献研究法 2

（四）研究思路 3

一、农村生活垃圾的概述 4

（一）概念界定 4

1.美丽乡村 4

2.农村生活垃圾 4

（二）理论基础 5

1.公共产品理论 5

2.协同治理理论 5

（三）农村生活垃圾治理的现状 6

二、无锡市福山村生活垃圾治理现状 8

（一）福山村简介 8

1.性别情况 8

2.年龄分布 9

3.农村常住人口情况 9

4.学历情况 9

5.生活垃圾构成 10

6.福山村生活垃圾治理机制 10

（二）福山村生活垃圾治理成效 12

1.垃圾分类 12

2.生活垃圾处理方式 13

3.生活垃圾治理知识 13

4.村民满意度 14

三、福山村生活垃圾治理困境与原因分析 16

（一）福山村生活垃圾治理的困境 16

1.村民与政府之间的协同困境 16

2.村民之间的协同困境 17

3.村民与相关组织之间的协同困境 17

（二）福山村生活垃圾治理困境的原因 18

1.资金缺乏 18

2.监督反馈环节薄弱 19

3.环保意识不到位 19

4.法律法规不健全 20

四、提高福山村生活垃圾治理水平的建议 21

（一）引入市场机制，多元化垃圾治理模式 21

（二）建立村民参与垃圾治理的监管机制 22

（三）增加环境保护宣传,提高村民环保意识 22

（四）完善法律法规，依法治污 23

结语 24

参考文献 25

附录 28

致谢 30

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