论文总字数：21790字

摘 要

在经济高速发展和人们生活质量不断提高的双重因素下，生活垃圾的产生量急剧上升。越来越多的生活垃圾无法得到有效分类从而进行处理，是造成“垃圾围城”的一个重要因素。如今垃圾问题是世界关注的热点，我国垃圾围城问题日益严峻且得不到有效改善，这值得我们的高度重视，而做好生活垃圾分类是解决这一问题的重要步骤。

居民是生活垃圾源头分类的主体，本文将居民作为主要研究对象，以垃圾分类工作先进小区——上海市嘉定A小区为样本，通过调查问卷分析居民践行生活垃圾分类现状及影响因素。研究表明，居民践行生活垃圾分类主要问题有生活垃圾分类相关管理体制不完善、缺乏有效的监督管理、宣传缺乏实质效果以及相关措施缺乏便利性与激励性四个方面，涉及主体主要是政府和司法。因此，从政府和司法两个角度来提出改善对策，以推动生活垃圾分类在政策制定及管理改革上取得新突破，从而早日改善“垃圾围城”现象。

关键词：生活垃圾 居民 垃圾分类 影响因素

Study on the status quo and influencing factors of residents' practice of domestic garbage classification

——Taking Jiading A community in Shanghai as a sample

Abstract

Under the dual factors of rapid economic development and continuous improvement of people's life quality, the amount of domestic garbage production has risen sharply. More and more domestic garbage cannot be effectively classified and processed, which is an important reason for the “garbage siege”. Nowadays, the garbage problem is a hot spot in the world. The problem of “garbage siege” in China is becoming more and more serious and cannot be effectively improved which deserves our high attention. It is worth mentioning that the classification of domestic garbage is an important step to solve this problem.

Residents are the subject of domestic garbage classification. In this paper, residents are taken as the main research object and an advanced community for waste sorting work in Jiading is used as a typical sample to analyze the current status and influencing factors of practice of domestic garbage classification through questionnaire. The research shows that the main problems in the practice of domestic garbage classification are the imperfect management system of domestic garbage classification, lack of effective supervision and management, lack of substantive effects of publicity, and lack of convenience and incentives for related measures. The main subjects are government and judicial. Therefore, Improvement measures from both the government and the judiciary are proposed to promote new breakthroughs in policy formulation and management reform in the classification of domestic garbage, so as to improve the phenomenon of “garbage siege” at an early date.

Key words:Domestic garbage; Resident; Garbage classification; Influencing factor

目 录

中文摘要 I

英文摘要 II

一、绪论 1

（一）研究背景和意义 1

1.研究背景 1

2.研究意义 2

（二）研究内容与方法 2

1.研究内容 2

2.研究方法 3

二、生活垃圾分类的相关概念 4

（一）生活垃圾的定义 4

（二）生活垃圾的种类 4

（三）生活垃圾分类的定义 5

三、国内外生活垃圾分类概况 6

（一）国外生活垃圾分类概况 6

1.日本生活垃圾分类基本现状 6

2.日本生活垃圾分类的特点 7

3.日本生活垃圾分类的启示 7

（二）国内生活垃圾分类概况 8

1.试点城市生活垃圾分类基本现状 8

2.国内生活垃圾分类的经验总结 9

四、上海市嘉定A小区生活垃圾分类实地调查 10

（一）实地调查基本情况 10

（二）A小区居民生活垃圾分类现状分析 10

（三）A小区居民践行生活垃圾分类存在的主要问题 17

1.居民缺乏垃圾分类基础知识，执行能力不足 17

2.居民垃圾分类缺乏激励与约束，奖惩措施未落实 17

五、居民践行生活垃圾分类相关影响因素 19

（一）生活垃圾分类相关管理体制不完善 19

（二）缺乏有效的监督管理 19

（三）生活垃圾分类宣传缺乏实质效果，“形”大于“实” 19

（四）相关措施缺乏便利性与激励性 19

六、改善居民践行生活垃圾分类问题的对策 21

（一）建立全面的垃圾分类管理体系 21

（二）完善相关法律法规，加强监督管理力度 21

（三）开展易学习，重参与的持久性垃圾分类宣传教育 22

（四）健全生活垃圾分类激励机制 22

结语 24

参考文献 25

致谢 29

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