论文总字数：21731字

摘 要

不方便法院原则是跨国经济交往日益频繁的产物，而在理念上它则与长臂管辖原则相反，提倡弱化管辖权。其核心在于如果受诉法院对某一案件虽然具有管辖权，但行使管辖权却极不方便，而这时又正好存在另一个管辖更为方便的法院，那么初审法院则可以自身为“非便利法院”为由拒绝对该案件的管辖。这种做法带来的好处是：首先，遏制了原告通过挑选有利于自己的法院损害被告利益的现象。其次，也有利于提高司法效率。也正因为这样，不方便法院原则在普通法系被广泛认可。但由于该原则在司法操作中对法官的自由裁量权的依赖超出了传统大陆法系所能接受的限度，因而在大陆法系或是有很深大陆法系传统的国家发展并不充分。

由于和大陆法系“不兼容”，我国法律一直没有关于不方便法院原则的确切规定，法官在适用时也一直没有足够充分的依据。我国最高法院于2015年2月份公布了新的《民事诉讼法司法解释》，其中第五百三十二条首次对不方便法院原则作出了明确的规定，此次的司法解释虽然在很多方面都做了较为周详的规定，但是依然有一些不足之处。本文的主要内容就是针对于这次公布的司法解释重新梳理不方便法院原则的原理及发展，希望对这次司法解释中的利弊得失能有一个更全面的认识。

第一部分以不方便法院原则的概念为切入点，探究了不方便法院原则的起源，以及在大陆法系的发展，目的在于探寻这一制度最原始的价值追求和理论依据。在第三节中也梳理了不方便法院原则在大陆法系的发展状况，而重点则是放在分析不方便法院原则在进入了大陆法系的法律体系后产生了哪些变化，为分析在我国的移植情况做准备。

第二部分着眼于不方便法院原则的价值与原理，对其原理和价值追求（既包括积极价值也包括消极价值）进行回顾，以加深对不方便法院原则的认识，为后文能够更好把握如何适用这一原则提供服务。

第三部分主要内容是分析当今主要国家在立法中如何规定不方便法院原则，重点在于采用何种标准来判断受诉法院与替代法院谁审理起来更为“便利”，或是有哪些因素来判断初审法院的“非便利性”，本章主要对各国评判标准的优缺点的辨析，这些辨析的结论将会被借鉴用于后文中对最新司法解释的评述。

第四部分从实际操作的立场出发，从适用该原则时需要注意的前提条件；适用程序以及适用时所考虑的“便利因素”三个方面阐述了适用不方便法院原则司法操作中应当注意的事项，并且对最新的司法解释展开评述，对于最新司法解释没有规定到的地方，以及规定不当的地方都进行了分析，并且提出了一些改进的想法。

关键词：涉外民商事诉讼 不方便法院原则 管辖权 自由裁量权

Study on forum non conveniens in The international civil suit

Abstract

The doctrine of forum non conveniens is product of the development of cross-border economic exchanges, On the contrary with the principle of long arm jurisdiction, forum non convenience advocate the weakening of jurisdiction, the focus is that if the appellate court having jurisdiction, but the exercise of jurisdiction is extremely inconvenience, and exist another court also have jurisdiction and case more convenient , so the trial court can in order to itself as "inconvenient court" refused or give up the exercise of jurisdiction. The advantage of this practice is obvious: first, it can restrain the plaintiff by selecting favorable court damage the interests of the defendant. Secondly, this principal can also help improve the efficiency of the judicial. Because of this, The doctrine of forum non conveniens is widely accepted in Common Law System. However, due to this principle very dependent on the judge’s discretion in operation , so the development in the civil law system is not enough.

Because of this， our country has not legislation on the doctrine of forum non conveniens, so the judge also has been no sufficient basis when applicable forum non conveniens . The Supreme People's Court of China in February 2015 released the Judicial interpretation of the civil procedure law, the Article 532 first made a clearly defined of The doctrine of forum non conveniens. This judicial interpretation , though in many respects, made more detailed provisions , but there are still some shortcomings . the main content of this paper is In view of the judicial interpretation reframe the theory and the development history of forum non conveniens, hope for get a more comprehensive understanding of advantages and disadvantages of this judicial interpretation .

Part one to the concept of forum non conveniens as the breakthrough point , explores the origin of forum non conveniens , and the development of forum non conveniens in civil law system , its purpose lies in explore the most primitive value pursuit of doctrine of forum non conveniens and the theoretical basis . In the third section combing the development status of

forum non conveniens in civil law system , focuses on analysis the change of forum non conveniens entering the Civil Law System , In preparation for the analysis of transplantation in our country.

The second part focuses in the value and principle of forum non conveniens , reviewed the value pursuit and principle of forum non conveniens (includes the positive and negative value) , to deepen the understanding of forum non conveniens , for later can better grasp of how to apply forum non conveniens .

In the third part, the main content is to analyze the major country legislation of forum non conveniens , focus on what is the standard to measure whether the court for forum non convenience . The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze several countries’ judgment standards. In preparation for the analysis of judicial interpretation in fourth part.

Part four from a practical standpoint , from the premise condition ,applicable procedure and "convenience standard" three aspects state the point for attention of appication forum non conveniens in judicial practice, and make a comment on the Article 532 of the judicial interpretation in 2015, for the deficiency of the judicial interpretation propose some ideas for improvement.

Key words :Foreign-related civil and commercial litigation; The doctrine of Forum Non Conveniens; Power of discretion; Jurisdiction

目 录

中文摘要 I

英文摘要 III

一、不方便法院原则概述 1

（一）不方便法院原则概念

（二）不方便法院原则的起源

（三）不方便法院原则在大陆法系的移植

二、不方便法院原则的法律原理与法律价值 3

（一）不方便法院原则的法理依据

1.国际礼让

2.自由裁量权

3.最密切联系原则

（二）不方便法院原则的价值与弊端

1.不方便法院原则的积极价值

2.不方便法院原则的消极作用

三、不方便法院原则在其他国家或地区的适用 7

（一）英国的适用标准及优缺点

（二）美国的适用标准及优缺点

（三）日本的适用标准及其优缺点

四、不方便法院原则在我国的适用 10

（一）不方便法院原则适用的前提条件

（二）不方便法院原则的适用程序

（三）适用不方便法院原则时所考虑的“便利因素”

回顾与展望 15

参考文献 17

致谢 18

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