论文总字数：15526字

摘 要

尽管我国在2005年就正式成为《联合国反腐败公约》的缔约国，但并未依据该公约精神等设立有相应的刑事缺席审判制度。2012年，我国对《刑事诉讼法》进行修订，在本次修订中专门新增违法所得没收程序这部分内容，并依据规定对特定犯罪被告人的财产进行处理，在处理方式上与缺席审判方式较为相似。不过，违法所得没收程序并不同于完整的刑事缺席审判制度，在该程序规定下，法院无法对被告人进行判决，换言之只能处理涉案财产。直到2018年我国才设立刑事缺席审判制度这一特别程序。

不容置疑的是，设立刑事缺席审判制度有其重要性，但在这项特别制度里，缺席审判出现和程序正当原则规定相冲突，除此之外，实施缺席审判制度还会使得被告人诸多诉讼权利难以得到保障，比如知悉权、辩护权、异议权、上诉权等。因此，本课题对我国当下刑事缺席审判制度进行必要性和正当性辨析，以期完善相关法律法规，在这基础上进一步优化我国刑事缺席审判制度，进行形成完善的刑事缺席审判制度并发挥其相应作用。

关键词 ：缺席审判；刑事缺席审判制度；反腐倡廉；人权保障

An analysis of the necessity and legitimacy of criminal trial by default

Abstract

Although China became a party to the United Nations Convention against corruption in 2005, there is no corresponding criminal trial by default system in accordance with the spirit of the Convention. In 2012, the criminal procedure law of China was revised. In this revision, the procedure of confiscation of illegal income was added, and the property of the defendant of a specific crime was dealt with according to the provisions. In terms of the way of dealing with it, it is similar to the way of trial by default. However, the procedure of confiscation of illegal income is different from the complete criminal trial by default system. Under this procedure, the court can not judge the defendant, in other words, it can only deal with the property involved in the case. It was not until 2018 that our country established the special procedure of the criminal trial by default system.

There is no doubt that the establishment of the criminal trial by default system is of great significance to comprehensively promote the construction of the rule of law in China. However, the newly established criminal trial by default system is not perfect. In this system, the trial by default conflicts with the provisions of the principle of due process. In addition, the implementation of the trial by default system will make many procedural rights of the defendants difficult to be guaranteed, For example, the right to know, the right to defense, the right to dissent, the right to appeal, etc. Therefore, this topic analyzes the necessity and legitimacy of the current criminal trial by default system in order to improve the relevant laws and regulations, further optimize the criminal trial by default system in China, form a perfect criminal trial by default system and play its corresponding role.

Key words: Trial by default; Criminal trial by default system; Anti-corruption; Human rights protection

目录

中文摘要 I

英文摘要 II

一、刑事缺席审判制度概述 1

（一）刑事缺席审判制度的含义 1

（二）刑事缺席审判制度的类型 1

1.针对特定案件进行的缺席审判 1

2.针对被告人因生病不能出庭的缺席审判 1

3.针对被告人已死亡且可能被判决无罪的情形的缺席审判 1

（三）刑事缺席审判制度的特点 2

1.特定的缺席主体 2

2.不完整的诉讼结构 2

3.不以惩罚缺席被告为目的 2

（四）刑事缺席审判制度的立法原意 3

1.加强国际追逃追赃工作与维护司法权威 3

2.尊重被告人诉讼权利与提高司法效率 3

3.保障被告人正当利益与彰显司法公正 3

二、刑事缺席审判制度的必要性 4

（一）落实司法体制改革，健全中国特色社会主义法治 4

（二）促进与国际法的接轨，追回腐败犯罪所得财产 5

（三）保护当事人合法权益，打击犯罪保障人权 5

（四）引导全民守法，保持良好的社会环境 6

三、刑事缺席审判制度的正当性 6

（一）相对合理主义 7

（二）有诉必审理论 7

（三）诉讼及时原则 8

（四）被告人出庭权 8

1.可放弃性 8

2.可限制性 9

四、中国特色刑事缺席审判制度检视 9

（一）细化适用范围 9

（二）丰富审判告知制度 10

（三）完善强制辩护制度 11

（四）规范缺席判决上诉与异议制度 12

1.规范近亲属独立上诉权 12

2.权利平衡下的异议权 13

结语 13

参考文献 15

一、刑事缺席审判制度概述

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