摘 要

本文以2014年党的十八届四中全会提出的推行“审判为中心”的诉讼制度改革和2012年修改的《刑事诉讼法》首次确立侦查人员出庭作证制度为主要研究背景开展写作。通过笔者调研走访发现，自新《刑事诉讼法》实施以来，司法实践中侦查人员出庭作证制度受到各种现实因素的阻碍，并未得到足够重视和有效落实。但从现代刑事诉讼的发展和保护人权的需要来看，侦查人员出庭作证是大势所趋。如何使侦查人员出庭作证制度在我国得到有效落实，值得我们思考和反省。

笔者对侦查人员出庭作证进行较为全面的研究，并在此基础上提出自己的见解。首先，笔者梳理了侦查人员出庭作证制度的相关概念，明确该项制度的法理基础和实体、程序方面的功能。随之，笔者调研我国侦查人员出庭作证的现状，并从观念、立法、司法等方面分析其存在问题的原因。继而，笔者对英美法系和大陆法系的侦查人员出庭作证制度进行了考察研究和对比分析。在此基础上，笔者为完善我国侦查人员出庭作证制度从出庭作证的侦查人员的身份性质，辩方提起这一程序的权利和条件，侦查人员不出庭作证及作伪证的法律责任，相关的保障制度和出庭作证的具体程序等方面提出了可行性的建议。希望对我国侦查人员出庭作证制度的完善有所裨益。

关键词：侦查人员出庭作证；现状；成因；域外规定；完善建议

Abstract

This paper is based on the two main research backgrounds :the party's the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee in 2014 implementation of trial centered litigation system reform and amendment of the criminal procedure law in 2012 for the first time to establish the system of investigators to testify in court. Through the visit and study, the author found that since the implementation of the rehabilitation of the criminal procedure law, the system of the investigators to appear in court to testify hampered by various realistic factors, did not get enough attention and effective implementation in the judicial practice. But from the development of modern criminal procedure and the need of protecting human rights, it is inevitable that investigators appear in court to testify in court. How to make an effective implementation of the system of investigators to appear in court to testify is worthy of our thinking and reflection.

Therefore, the author has made a comprehensive study on the system of investigators to appear in court to testify, and on this basis put forward my own opinions. First of all, the author has combed the related concept of the system of the investigation personnel appearing in court as a witness, and clarified the legal basis of the system and three aspects of the function of entity, and procedure. Along with it, the author has investigated the present situation of our country's investigation personnel appearing in court as a witness, and from the concept, legislation, judicial and other aspects of the reasons for the analysis of its problems. And then, the author has studied and analyzed the system of investigators to testify in court of common-law and civil-law systems. On this basis, the author has put forward the feasible suggestions for perfecting the system of the investigation personnel appearing in court to testify in court from aspects of the identity of the investigators in the court as a witness, the mention of the rights and conditions of the defense, the legal liability of not appearing in court as a witness and perjury, related security system and the concrete procedure of appearing in court as a witness. Hope to good for improving the system of investigators appearing in court as a witness in our country.

Keywords: Investigators appearing in court as a witness, Current status, Contributing factor, Foreign related regulations, Perfecting suggestions

目 录

中文摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1选题的背景及意义 1

1.2国内外的研究现状 1

1.3研究方法及创新点 2

第2章 侦查人员出庭作证制度概述 4

2.1侦查人员出庭作证制度的相关概念 4

2.1.1侦查人员的界定 4

2.1.2侦查人员出庭作证制度 4

2.1.3侦查人员出庭的不同情形 4

2.1.4侦查人员出庭作证的特征 5

2.2侦查人员出庭作证制度的法律基础 5

2.2.1控辩平衡原则 6

2.2.2直接言词原则 6

2.2.3非法证据排除规则 6

2.3侦查人员出庭作证制度的功能 7

2.3.1实体功能 7

2.3.2程序功能 8

第3章 我国侦查人员出庭作证的现状及其成因 9

3.1我国侦查人员出庭作证的现状 9

3.1.1立法现状 9

3.1.2司法实践现状 10

3.2侦查人员出庭作证制度的障碍因素分析 10

3.2.1传统思想观念的影响 10

3.2.2立法及司法体制的不健全 11

3.2.3实践中现实因素的干扰 12

第4章 域外侦查人员出庭作证制度考察 13

4.1英美法系侦查人员出庭作证制度考察 13

4.1.1美国侦查人员出庭制度考察 13

4.1.2英国侦查人员出庭制度考察 13

4.2大陆法系侦查人员出庭作证制度考察 13

4.2.1德国侦查人员出庭制度考察 13

4.2.2法国侦查人员出庭制度考察 14

4.2.3日本侦查人员出庭制度考察 14

4.3域外侦查人员出庭作证制度评析及借鉴 14

4.3.1个人本位和审判中心观念深入人心 14

4.3.2证人外延的扩张性解释 15

4.3.3相对完善的证据规则 15

4.3.4明确不出庭作证和作伪证的法律责任 15

4.3.5配备相应的保障制度 15

第5章 完善我国侦查人员出庭作证制度的建议 17

5.1制度完善的总体规划 17

5.1.1转变传统的思想观念 17

5.1.2完善相关的法律制度 17

5.1.3采取相应的配套措施 18

5.2制度完善的具体构想 18

5.2.1界定出庭作证的侦查人员的身份性质 18

5.2.2明确辩方提起侦查人员出庭作证的权利及条件 18

5.2.3规定侦查人员不出庭作证及作伪证的法律责任 19

5.2.4完善侦查人员出庭作证的保障制度 19

5.2.5制定侦查人员出庭作证的具体程序 20

结语 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

第1章 绪论

1.1选题的背景及意义

当前，我国的司法改革正在逐步推进，冤假错案却不时发生。侦查人员出庭作证制度的推行有利于查明案件事实，排除非法证据，保障犯罪嫌疑人及被告的合法权益，并维护司法的公平和正义。2012年新修改的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》（以下简称新《刑事诉讼法》）首次在法条中明确规定侦查人员出庭作证制度。2014年10月党的十八届四中全会作出的《全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》指出，要推进以“审判为中心”的诉讼制度改革，而侦查人员出庭作证是该制度改革的重要内容之一。我国法律已明确规定证人强制出庭制度，而侦查人员的出庭却缺少保障措施，其出庭率极低，实践中往往以书面材料，如“情况说明”等代替侦查人员出庭作证。相比于西方发达国家已经形成一套相对健全的侦查人员出庭制度，我国该项制度的建立仍处于起步阶段。

新《刑事诉讼法》仅在第57条和第187条中明确提及侦查人员出庭作证，而且均为原则性规定，实践中欠缺操作性。尽管有部分省市出台侦查人员出庭作证的实施方案，但层次多样，表述不一，且效果不明显，侦查人员出庭作证制度的进一步落实急需高层次、统一的具体实施细则。本文在此背景下开展侦查人员出庭制度的研究，在明确相关概念、法理基础和制度价值的前提下，探索我国当前侦查人员出庭作证制度的现状并分析其障碍因素，考察并借鉴国外的先进经验，提出适合我国侦查人员出庭作证制度的总体规划和具体实施建议，欲使侦查人员出庭作证制度在立法上更加具体完善，在实践中更具操作性，充分发挥这一制度的价值。