论文总字数：16984字

摘 要

现代科学技术飞速发展，通用塑料已经深入各行各业，对社会的发展起着深刻的影响，其中聚苯乙烯就是一种重要的通用塑料。聚苯乙烯基于其成型加工的容易性且价格低廉，在各个领域中都被广泛使用。但是PS的冲击强度差，脆性强，容易产生内应力，尤其阻燃性较差极易燃烧，这些缺点大大限制了其功能和应用范围的发展，需要使用适当的阻燃处理。采用天然矿物提高聚合物的阻燃性能是一个非常有发展前景的策略。近年来，许多国内外研究者利用无机物填充聚合物以改善它们的性质。

本论文，首先综述了聚苯乙烯和凹凸棒石的各项性质，以1mol/l的盐酸作为处理剂，对凹凸棒石进行预处理。采用溶液混合方式制备纳米凹凸棒/聚苯乙烯复合材料，以及通过热压成型法制备复合材料的试样条。通过红外光谱对复合材料的物质分子进行分析和鉴定；通过DSC来测量复合材料与参比物之间能量差与温度的关系；使用氧指数法测试复合材料的阻燃性。结果发现：在本论文的添加范围内，聚苯乙烯的玻璃化转变温度随着凹凸棒含量的增加而提高，最高达到108.31^oC；聚苯乙烯的氧指数随着凹凸棒含量的提高也随着上升，最高达到了20.5，但是对于本论文来说，由于凹凸棒的添加量比较小，氧指数在这种情况下的提高也是十分有限，所以阻燃性并不能认为得到了改善；使用盐酸处理过的凹凸棒比未处理的凹凸棒石在二甲基甲酰胺中的分散情况更加优秀；不同凹凸棒的添加量的红外光谱曲线并未出现峰线漂移，也没有出现新的吸收峰，所以可以认为本次的实验没有发生化学反应，也没有出现基团的相互作用。在文章的最后部分展望了今后纳米凹凸棒/聚合物复合材料的研究方向和潜在领域。

关键词： 聚苯乙烯 凹凸棒石 阻燃性 氧指数法 力学性能

Preparation and Study on Properties of Polystyrene / Palygorskite Nanocmposites

Abstract

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, general-purpose plastics have gone deep into all walks of life and have had a profound impact on the development of society. Among them, polystyrene is an important general-purpose plastic. Polystyrene is widely used in various fields because of its ease of molding processing and its low price. However, the impact strength of PS is poor, brittleness is strong, internal stress is easy to generate, and flame retardancy is very low, which is extremely easy to burn. These shortcomings greatly limit the development of its function and application range and require the use of appropriate flame retardant treatment. The use of natural minerals to improve the flame retardant properties of polymers is a very promising strategy. In recent years, many domestic and foreign researchers have used inorganic fillers to improve the properties of the latter.

In this dissertation, the properties of polystyrene and attapulgite were first reviewed, and 1 mol/l hydrochloric acid was used as a treatment agent to pretreat attapulgite. The nano-attapulgite/polystyrene composite material was prepared by solution mixing, and the composite material sample strip was prepared by hot-press molding. The material molecules of the composite material were analyzed and identified by infrared spectroscopy; the energy difference between the composite material and the reference material was measured by DSC; The oxygen index method was used to test the flame retardancy of the composites. The results show that the glass transition temperature of polystyrene increases with the increase of the content of attapulgite in the scope of addition of this paper, and the highest is 108.31oC; the oxygen index of polystyrene also increases with the content of attapulgite. Ascended, reaching a maximum of 20.5, but for this paper, due to the relatively small addition of attapulgite, the increase in oxygen index in this case is very limited, so the flame retardancy can not be considered to have been improved; using hydrochloric acid treatment The attapulgite has more excellent dispersion than the untreated attapulgite in dimethylformamide; there is no peak line drift and no new absorption peak in the infrared spectra of different attapulgite additions. It can be considered that there was no chemical reaction and no interaction of groups occurred in this experiment. In the final part of the article, we look forward to the future research directions and potential areas of nano-attapulgite/polymer composites.

Key words: Polystyrene; Palygorskite; Flame retardancy; Oxygen index; Mechanical properties

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 凹凸棒概述 1

1.1.1凹凸棒石的结构 1

1.1.2 凹凸棒石的性质 1

1.1.3 凹凸棒石的应用 2

1.2 聚苯乙烯概述 2

1.2.1 聚苯乙烯的微观结构 2

1.2.2 聚苯乙烯的性质 3

1.3 聚苯乙烯的研究方向 4

1.4 纳米凹凸棒/聚苯乙烯复合材料的研究现状 4

第二章 实验操作部分 6

2.1 实验原料和使用设备 6

2.2 纳米凹凸棒/聚苯乙烯复合材料的制备 7

2.2.1凹凸棒的预处理 7

2.2.2 AT/PS复合材料的制备 7

2.2.3复合材料试样条的制备 8

2.3 复合材料性能测试表征 8

2.3.1 红外光谱 8

2.3.2 DSC 8

2.3.3 阻燃性能测试 9

第三章 讨论与分析 10

3.1 纳米凹凸棒/聚苯乙烯复合材料的红外分析 10

3.2 纳米凹凸棒/聚苯乙烯复合材料的的玻璃化转变温度 11

3.3 纳米凹凸棒/聚苯乙烯复合材料的阻燃性能 12

第四章 结论与展望 15

4.1 结论 15

4.2 展望 15

参考文献 16

致谢 18

绪论

凹凸棒概述

1.1.1 凹凸棒石的结构

凹凸棒石又被叫做坡缕石，非金属矿物是它属于的类别。它是纤维状的链层结构，在粘土硅酸盐矿物的类别中是属于含水富镁铝硅的^[1]。对于凹凸棒土来说，它的晶体结构类型特别繁多，它的化学结构式和化学成分不太确定，一般我们研究的是理想型的。其化学分子式（理想）为，理论上的化学成分是：56.96 %的；23.83 %的；19.21%的^[2]。在粘土矿物学上，它的结构属于2:1型。链层状正是由于属于每一个2：1结构层中的四面体，它的晶片角顶隔一段距离翻转到反面形成的。5个八面体的位置存在于凹凸棒土的链条中。通道是在属于四面体的条带间形成的，它平行于链。横断面大概有3.76.3A°，孔径的大小大于沸石。

图1-1 凹凸棒的理想结构式

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