摘 要

本文研究的轴是轧钢机上的非易损更换件，设计寿命较长，但该轴在使用时发生了过早断裂。本文就是借助ANSYS软件对该轴服役时的受力情况进行有限元分析，得出其应力分布情况，并结合前期的化学成分等研究来分析其失效原因，提出改进意见，供企业参考。

本文是先用Auto CAD绘图软件将轴的三维模型建出来，然后将建好的模型导入ANSYS有限元软件中的Workbench版块进行有限元分析，参数按照给定的标准来设置，其中有些细节在误差不大的情况下进行了适当的简化处理。求解得出的应力分布图显示出断裂处的应力比较大，相对于整体而言，该断裂处属于高应力区，且发生了应力集中现象。本次有限元分析得出的最大应力值在材料的使用安全范围内，故分析结果是可信的，因此，在断裂处发生应力集中对该轴断裂是有很大影响的。

关键词：轴；三维模型；ANSYS Workbench；有限元分析；断裂分析

Abstract

In this paper, the research of the shaft is not easy to replace of the rolling mill, and the design life of the shaft is long, but the shaft occurred premature fracture when in use.In this paper, the finite element analysis of the stress of the shaft is carried out with the aid of ANSYS software, and the stress distribution is obtained.Then combined with previous chemical composition and so on to analyze the failure reasons and puts forward some suggestions for improvement, for enterprise reference.

This paper is to use Auto CAD drawing software to build the three-dimensional model of the shaft，and then built the model into ANSYS finite element software in the Workbench section for finite element analysis. The parameters are set according to the given criteria，some of the details which are properly simplified in the case of small errors.The stress distribution diagram obtained by the solution shows that the stress at fracture is relatively large，compared with the whole, this fracture belongs to the high stress zone, and the stress concentration phenomenon has occurred. The maximum stress value obtained by the finite element analysis is in the safe range of the material, so the analysis result is reliable. Therefore, the stress concentration at the fracture is greatly influenced by the fracture of the shaft.

Key Words：shaft；three-dimensional model；ANSYS Workbench；finite element analysis；fracture analysis

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究的目的和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 失效分析的研究现状 1

1.2.2 有限元分析的研究现状…….....................................................................................2

1.2.3 ANSYS软件发展现状................................................................................................3

1.3 课题研究内容....................................................................................................................4

第2章 ANSYS有限元模拟 5

2.1 轴的三维建模 5

2.1.1 图纸分析 5

2.1.2 拟定三维建模技术路线 6

2.1.3 实施建模方案.............................................................................................................6

2.2 模型的有限元分析............................................................................................................8

2.2.1 启动Workbench并建立分析项目.............................................................................8

2.2.2 导入几何体.................................................................................................................9

2.2.3 设置材料属性.............................................................................................................10

2.2.4 划分网络.....................................................................................................................10

2.2.5 施加约束及载荷.........................................................................................................11

2.2.6 结果后处理.................................................................................................................13

2.2.7 保存与退出.................................................................................................................15

1. 结果分析.........................................................................................................................16
2. 结论.................................................................................................................................18

参考文献.......................................................................................................................................19

致谢...............................................................................................................................................20