Q370R使用粉芯焊丝自动平焊工艺研究毕业论文
2022-04-22 22:29:56
论文总字数:18824字
摘 要
近年来,Q370R钢在中、低压压力容器制造中使用非常广泛,其有较好的综合性能,其韧性和强度优于16MnR钢,却有着与16MnR钢比较接近的焊接性能和抗硫化氢腐蚀能力。本文使用φ1.2mm的GCR-81NiMP粉芯焊丝对Q370R钢板试样进行了MAG横焊实验,并进行了金相分析和力学性能试验,本文的主要研究内容及结论如下:
(1)采用MAG焊直流反接,焊接电流在200-250A之间,焊接电压在25-30V之间,保护气中Ar和CO2的比值为4:1时,试样具有较好的抗拉强度,两次试验结果分别为607MPa和609MPa,且发生断裂处都为焊缝部分;其弯曲性能非常好,侧弯180°无缺陷;-20℃下冲击试验各个部位试验数据差距明显,焊缝处的平均冲击功为126J,热影响区处的平均冲击功为223J,母材处的平均冲击功为202J。
(2)焊后将焊缝剖开可以看到一些气孔缺陷,母材处的显微金相组织为呈带状分布的铁素体和片状珠光体;焊缝处的显微金相组织为柱状晶铁素体和针状索氏体组织,其中柱状晶铁素体有过热特征;熔合区晶粒比较粗大,主要为上贝氏体、针状和块状铁素体,化学成分和组织不均匀;热影响区的显微金相组织为先共析铁素体、粒状贝氏体和少量的低碳马氏体。
关键词:Q370R 粉芯焊丝 金相分析 力学性能
ABSTRACT
In recent years, Q370R steel is widely used in the production process of low and medium pressure vessels. It has superior overall property. Meanwhile, it has the similar welding property and anti-hydrogen sulfide corrosion ability, but it has higher toughness and intensity than 16MnR. In this paper, Q370R sample was welded by a MAG method on horizontal position with a φ1.2mm powder cored wire which was named GCR-81NiMP. Subsequently, the metallurgical analysis and mechanical performance were tested. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:
when the welding power source is DCEP, the current is between 200 and 250 ampere, the voltage is between 25 and 30 volt. The mixture ratio of protection gas including Ar and CO2 is 4:1, the welding joint sample has a good mechanical performance. The tensile strengths are 607MPa and 609MPa for two experiments, and failures both occur at the welding beam. Its bending property is quite good, no failure occur after bending 180°. The impact power of different parts on the sample at -20℃ is obvious different. The average AK of welding beam is 126J, 223J f or the heat affect zone, and 202J for the base metal.
There are some pores on the weld when we cut the sample, and the micro metallurgical structure of base metal is a combination of banded ferrite and lamellar pearlite. The welding beam is needle-like sorbite and equiaxed ferrite which has a thermal characteristics. The grains of fusion zone are coarse and mainly made of upper bainite, needle-like and massive ferrite, which has an non-uniform chemical composition and organization. The micro metallurgical structure of heat affect zone is a combination of eutectic ferrite, granular bainite and a small amount of low carbon martensite.
Keywords: Q370R; Powder cored wire; Metallurgical analysis; Mechanical performance tests
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 课题研究的意义及背景 1
1.2 Q370R粉芯焊丝自动横焊工艺国内外研究进展及影响因素 2
1.2.1 国内外研究进展 2
1.2.2 不同保温时间对Q370R钢板性能的影响 3
1.2.3 焊缝金属冲击吸收功的影响因素 4
1.2.4 横焊对熔敷金属冲击韧性的影响 4
1.2.5 夹杂物对冲击韧性的影响 4
1.3 高熔敷效率金属粉芯焊丝 4
1.4 课题研究内容及技术路线 5
第二章 焊接工艺试验 6
2.1 MAG焊的特点 6
2.2 MAG焊的注意事项 6
2.3 碳当量对Q370R焊接性的影响 6
2.3.1 碳当量与焊接性 6
2.3.2 利用碳当量来评定钢材焊接性的局限性 7
2.4 焊接工艺规程的制定 7
2.5 施焊时注意事项 9
第三章 焊接接头金相分析及性能测试 14
3.1 金相实验的实验步骤 14
3.2 电子显微镜下金相组织的形态 15
3.3 拉伸试验 17
3.3.1 拉伸试验的基本步骤 17
3.3.2 试验数据 19
3.4 弯曲实验 19
3.4.1 弯曲试验的步骤 19
3.4.2 弯心直径的选择 20
3.4.3 实验结果 20
3.5 45°V型缺口冲击试验 21
第四章 结论 22
参考文献 23
致 谢 25
第一章 绪 论
1.1 课题研究的意义及背景
压力容器用钢主要用于生产制造石化行业的球罐、储罐和压力容器,是厚板钢中的专用附加值产品,较高的强度、良好的韧性、优良的焊接性能和较高的耐蚀性能是压力容器用钢的特点[1]。目前,由于工业的发展,高压容器和超高压容器使用非常广泛,所以压力容器的安全性更为重要,压力容器主要由钢板组装焊接而成,故钢板的质量是保障压力容器在生产过程中安全运行的重要因素[2]。Q370R主要为各种中、低压容器的制造所使用,常年在承压状态下工作,有些还要承受高温环境和腐蚀性介质的腐蚀,工作环境相当复杂。故对Q370R压力容器用钢的力学性能要求较高,要求其强韧性匹配好,板厚效应低,焊接性能优异[3]。
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