论文总字数：31969字

摘 要

近年来，随着高速铁路的发展，环境振动问题逐渐凸显出来。环境振动给人们日常的生活、房屋建筑的安全与稳定和乘客的舒适感带来显著的影响。因此，需要了解高速铁路列车运行所引起的环境振动的规律。本文重点研究了列车运行时地面振动的规律。

本文使用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS对高速铁路模型进行有限元分析。在路堤环境下，以具有不同剪切波速的土体分别建立有限元模型，并采用一节列车车厢进行荷载布置，在每一个车轮处以一个竖向压力和水平向摩擦力进行等效，并以300km/h的速度模拟高铁列车的运行。

通过对地面竖向加速度的时程曲线的分析，可以发现随着土体剪切波速的提高，轨道中心处地面的振动衰减程度较小，而远离轨道的部分衰减程度相对比较大。而在相同剪切波速的土体中，远离轨道中心处的振动加速度远小于轨道中心处，说明地面振动加速度在一定范围内衰减程度较快，而在距离轨道一定长度后，振动加速度衰减速度放缓，达到稳定。

关键词：高速铁路 ANSYS 振动加速度 衰减

ABSTRACT

In recent years, with the development of high-speed railway, environmental vibration problems highlighted gradually. Environmental vibration makes a significant impact on people’s daily life, the security and stability of buildings and comfort of passengers. Therefore, regularity of environmental vibration caused by high-speed railway needs to be understood. This paper mainly studies the regularity of ground vibration caused by high-speed railway.

In this paper, using a large general finite element software ANSYS for the analysis of model of high-speed railway. Under the environment of embankment, finite element model is set up respectively with different soil shear wave velocity. And one of carriages of train is adopted to apply loads. On each wheel of a train, loads are equivalent to a vertical pressure and a horizontal friction, and simulate the operation of high-speed railway train at a speed of 300km/h.

Through the analysis of time history curve of the vertical ground acceleration, it can be found that with the improvement of soil shear wave velocity, the rate of attenuation of the center of structure of track is low. On the contrary, the rate of attenuation of place which is far away from the structure of track is relatively high. In the soil with same shear wave velocity, the vibration acceleration of place far away the structure of track is less than that of the center of the structure of track. It represents that the rate of ground vibration acceleration attenuation is high within a certain distance from the structure of track. And the rate of ground vibration acceleration attenuation becomes low and stable until a certain distance from the track.

Keywords: high-speed railway；ANSYS；vibration acceleration；attenuation

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

目录 I

第一章 绪论 1

1.1序言 1

1.2研究该课题的意义 2

1.3国内外研究的现状 3

1.4本课题拟研究的内容 6

第二章 参数分析与确定 7

2.1 列车荷载及速度的确定 7

2.2钢轨参数的确定 8

2.3轨道板及混凝土底座的参数确定 9

2.4土层参数的确定 10

第三章 数值模拟及仿真 11

3.1模拟软件及分析步骤 11

3.2模型的建立及仿真 13

3.2.1确定单元类型 13

3.2.2定义材料参数 14

3.2.3 绘制模型图 20

3.2.4网格划分 24

3.2.5 施加约束 32

3.2.6 施加荷载 33

第四章 模拟结果分析 38

4.1剪切波速200m/s 38

4.2剪切波速300m/s 40

4.3剪切波速400m/s 43

4.4 结果对比分析 45

第五章 结论及展望 47

5.1研究结论 47

5.2研究展望 47

参考文献 49

致谢 51

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