论文总字数：21847字

摘 要

随着页岩气等非常规油气资源开发力度加大，油基钻井液使用量逐渐增加，并产生了大量油基钻屑。油基钻屑因其含有重金属、石油烃类和有机物等污染物，若直接排放会对生态环境造成严重危害。目前油基钻屑最常用的处理方法是热解吸技术，处理后的油基钻屑残渣含油率可降至0.3%以下，但《国家危险废物名录》规定，油基钻屑热解吸后残渣（简称“热解钻屑”）仍为危废，存在一定的环境污染风险，故对其安全处置是当前亟待解决的环保问题。

本文尝试利用热解钻屑（PDC）部分替代油井水泥用于制备固井用水泥浆体，研究了热解钻屑掺量和水固比对油井水泥浆体基本性能（流动度、密度、凝结时间）和力学性能（抗压强度、抗冲击功）的影响，并利用等温量热仪（ICC）、X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分别测试了掺PDC水泥浆体早期水化放热量、水泥石水化产物及微观形貌。结果表明：50℃水养条件下，热解钻屑等量替代（10%～60%）油井水泥后，水泥浆流动度增大，密度减小，水化放热量降低，凝结时间延长，掺钻屑水泥石抗压强度和抗冲击功有所下降；水固比0.40时，掺60%热解钻屑水泥浆体流动度为23.6 cm，1d抗压强度为3.9 MPa，1d抗冲击功为637 J/m²，达到表层套管固井要求（抗压强度≥3.5 MPa）；掺热解钻屑水泥石水化产物主要为C-S-H凝胶和CH，与油井水泥净浆相比，水化胶凝产物减少，致使水泥石抗压强度有所降低，但仍满足固井施工要求。

关键词：油井水泥 固井 热解钻屑 力学性能 微观分析

Effect of pyrolysis drilling cuttings on the properties of oil well cement

Abstract

With the increasing exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale gas, the use of oil-based drilling fluid gradually increased, and generates a large amount of oil-base drilling cuttings. The oil-base drilling cuttings concludes heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons and chemical additives , and if not handled properly, it would make serious harm to the ecological environment. At present, the most common handling method of oil-based cuttings is thermal desorption technology. After treatment, the oil content of oil-based cuttings can be reduced to below 0.3%. However, "The List of National Hazardous Wastes" stipulates that the oil-residue after thermal desorption (short for " pyrolysis drilling cuttings") was still hazardous waste, which has a certain risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, it has been a priority to safely and environmentally dispose of oil-based cuttings.

In this paper, the feasibility of preparation of cementing slurry with pyrolysis drilling cuttings(PDC) replacing oil well cement was tried to research. The effects of different content of pyrolysis drilling cuttings and water-solid ratio on the basic properties (fluidity, density, setting time) and the mechanical properties (compressive strength, impact energy) of oil well cement slurry were researched, and the hydration mechanism of cement slurry with drilling cuttings were researched by combining with the experiment results of Isothermal conduction calorimetery (ICC), X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that the fluidity adds, density　decreases, setting time prolongs, the rate of hydration heat decreases, compressive strength and impact energy decreases of cement slurry after adding the same dosage of PDC for replacement (10% ~ 60%)of oil well cement under 50℃ water heat curing. The optimal mixing content of pyrolysis drilling cuttings is 60% and the water-solid ratio is 0.40 because of the technical requirement of cementing that the compressive strength of surface casing cement slurry should be greater than 3.5 MPa, while the fluidity of cement slurry is 23.6 cm, the 1d compressive strength of cement stone is 3.9 MPa, and the 1d anti-impact energy is 637 J/m². The major hydration products of cement stone with PDC are C-S-H gel and calcium hydroxide , which are significantly less than the hydration products of pure cement slurry, effectively reduced the compression strength of cement slurry, but its compression strength meet the requirements of cementing operation.

Key Words: Oil well cement; Cementing; Pyrolysis drilling cutting; Mechanical properties; Microscopic analysis

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract i

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 前言 1

1.2 固井、油井水泥及其外加剂 1

1.2.1 固井 1

1.2.2 油井水泥 2

1.2.3 油井水泥外加剂 2

1.3 钻屑概述 2

1.3.1 油基钻屑的危害 2

1.3.2 国内外相关法规 2

1.3.3 油基钻屑无害化处理的研究进展 3

1.3.4 油基钻屑的资源化利用 5

1.4 课题研究内容 6

1.4.1 研究内容 6

1.4.2 技术路线 7

第二章 实验原料及方法 8

2.1 实验原料 8

2.1.1 热解钻屑 8

2.1.2 油井水泥 10

2.1.3 其他试剂 10

2.2 实验设备 10

2.3 实验方法 11

2.3.1 制浆 11

2.3.2 水泥浆的三大基本性能 12

2.3.3 水泥石的抗压强度、抗冲击功 12

2.3.4 微观性能测试 13

第三章 热解钻屑对油井水泥性能的影响 14

3.1 不同掺量热解钻屑对油井水泥水化性能的影响 14

3.2 不同掺量热解钻屑对油井水泥浆体性能的影响 15

3.2.1 不同掺量热解钻屑对油井水泥浆基本性能的影响 15

3.2.2 不同掺量热解钻屑对油井水泥石抗冲击功的影响 16

3.2.3 不同掺量热解钻屑对油井水泥石抗压强度的影响 16

3.3 水固比对掺60％热解钻屑油井水泥浆体性能的影响 17

3.3.1 水固比对掺60％热解钻屑油井水泥浆基本性能的影响 17

3.3.2 水固比对掺60％热解钻屑油井水泥石抗冲击功的影响 18

3.3.3 水固比对掺60％热解钻屑油井水泥石抗压强度的影响 19

3.4 微观性能测试 19

3.4.1 X射线衍射分析（XRD） 19

3.4.2 扫描电镜分析（SEM） 20

3.5 本章小节 21

第四章 结论与建议 22

4.1 结论 22

4.2 建议 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

第一章 绪论

1.1 前言

随着全球常规油气资源日益匮乏，页岩气作为极具开发潜力的非常规油气藏逐渐成为全球资源开发的热点。而具备耐高温、抗盐抗钙侵、稳定性好等优势的油基钻井液技术作为非常规资源开发的关键技术之一，使用时会产生大量的油基钻屑^[1]。而油基钻屑的化学组成中包含多种对人体有害的危险物质，早就载入在2016年发布的国家危险废物名录之中，如不对其进行处理而直接填埋，会导致生态系统的严重污染和破坏^[2-3]。

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：21847字