论文总字数：15817字

摘 要

影响生食和腌制水产品安全食用的因素之一便是寄生虫。在我国有严重危害和流行性的水产品食源性寄生虫病包括：华支睾吸虫病、异尖线虫病、姜片吸虫病、颚棘口线虫病、并殖吸虫病、裂头绦虫病。我国人口众多，土地辽阔，水产品食源性寄生虫的类别多，广，感染率较高，潜在危害性大，各个地区的流行程度不同。为了保证我国水产品的食品安全和人们的身体健康，制定相应的法律法规和具体防控措施以及相关检测研究是控制食源性寄生虫病在我国流行的重要措施。掌握相应地区水产品中的寄生虫的感染率，对展开网格防控，制定相应检测指标有重要意义。

随着生活水平的提高，餐饮服务水平随之提高，人们外出就餐的次数明显增加，菜肴种类不断翻新，越来越多的人喜欢生食，例如刺身等。尽管这些生食美味，但也存在安全问题，寄生虫就是不安全因素之一。

本课题是对市售生食和腌制水产品寄生虫感染情况进行调查，主要了解海产品中寄生虫污染的情况，为安全食用海产品提供参考。在来自网购的腌制类水产品（产地分别为浙江、广东、深圳），当地（南京）海鲜市场购买的生食类水产品的44组实验中，依据《腌制生食动物性水产品卫生标准》，均未在淡水类产品检测到线虫幼虫、吸虫囊蚴、绦虫裂头蚴；海水类产品也未检测到线虫幼虫。

关键词：生食和腌制水产品 寄生虫 感染调查

Investigation on the infection of parasites in raw and preserved aquatic products

Abstract

One of the factors affecting the safety of raw and preserved aquatic products is parasites. In China, which have serious harm and epidemic aquatic products foodborne parasitic diseases include: clonorchiasis, echinonematode disease, ginger worm disease, acanthopharyngeal nematode disease, synzoonosis, diphyllobothriasis. China has a large population and a vast land. There are many types of food-borne parasites in aquatic products. The infection rate is high and the potential harm is great. In order to ensure the food safety of aquatic products and people's health in China, the formulation of relevant laws and regulations, specific prevention and control measures and related testing and research are important measures to control the prevalence of foodborne parasitic diseases in China. Grasping the infection rate of parasites in aquatic products in corresponding areas is of great significance to carry out grid prevention and develop corresponding detection indexes.

With the improvement of living standard, the level of catering service has been improved, the frequency of people eating out has increased significantly, the variety of dishes has been constantly updated, and more and more people like raw food, such as sashimi. While these raw foods are delicious, there are safety issues, including parasites.

This subject is to investigate the parasitic infection of raw food and preserved aquatic products in the market, mainly to understand the parasitic contamination of seafood, and to provide reference for the safe consumption of seafood. In 44 experiments, pickled aquatic products from online shopping (from zhejiang, guangdong and shenzhen) and raw food aquatic products from local seafood markets (nanjing) were purchased. According to《Hygienic standards for preserved raw edible animal aquatic products》, no larvae of nematode worms, hydatid metacercariae and tapeworm metacercariae were detected in freshwater products. No nematode larvae were detected in seawater products.

Key Words: raw and preserved aquatic products；parasites；investigation on the infection

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 我国食源性寄生虫疾病的研究进展 1

1.1.1 食源性寄生虫疾病种类 1

1.1.2 食源性寄生虫疾病实验诊断 1

1.2 相关地区淡水海水类水产品食源性寄生虫感染率情况 2

1.2.1 2015-2017年对上海市黄浦区抽查情况 2

1.2.2 2019年6月广东省养殖及市售各环节三文鱼的淡水寄生虫感染状况 3

1.2.3 2015年8月深圳市调查感染情况 3

1.3 食源性寄生虫病的地域流行划分及易感水产品种类 3

第二章 主要寄生虫的检测方法和步骤 6

2.1 检测项目 6

2.1.1 淡水类水产品 6

2.1.2海水类水产品 6

2.2 检测方法 6

2.3 检验步骤 7

2.3.1 肉眼检查 7

2.3.2 显微镜检查 7

第三章 结果与讨论 8

3.1 样品选取与结果 8

3.2 标准寄生虫图片及分析 10

3.2.1 异尖线虫 11

3.2.2 华支睾吸虫（后睾吸虫、肝吸虫）、东方次睾吸虫 11

3.2.3 棘颚口线虫 12

3.2.4 （广州）管圆线虫 14

3.2.5 并殖吸虫（肺吸虫） 14

3.2.6 裂头绦虫 15

3.2.7 异形吸虫 16

3.2.8 库道虫 17

3.2.9 棘口吸虫 17

第四章 结论与安全食用建议 19

4.1 结论 19

4.2 安全食用的建议 19

4.2.1 海水类产品安全食用建议 19

4.2.2 淡水类产品安全食用建议 20

参考文献 21

致 谢 23

第一章 绪论

1.1 我国食源性寄生虫疾病的研究进展

食源性寄生虫病的定义是指一切可以随着食物经口而感染人体的寄生虫病的全称，可以分成为外源性（食物污染性）寄生虫病和内源性（食物寄生性）寄生虫病^[1]。

1.1.1 食源性寄生虫疾病种类

六大类食源性寄生虫病被依据食物种类分类^[2]，包括植物源性寄生虫病、肉源性寄生虫病、鱼源性寄生虫病、淡水甲壳动物源性寄生虫病、水源性寄生虫病、螺源性寄生虫病^[3]。在中国为地方病和严重危害的食源性寄生虫病包括：弓形虫病、带绦虫／囊尾蚴病、旋毛虫病、华支睾吸虫病、广州管圆线虫病、异尖线虫病、姜片吸虫病^[4]。

1.1.2 食源性寄生虫疾病实验诊断

按照流行病学诊断是目前中国食源性寄生虫病的主要的初步诊断方式^[5]。依照您有无前往过或居住过流行区，有无半生食或者生食的习惯，并有无可能会导致感染食源性寄生虫病的生活方式或者自然条件约束。皮内测试对诊断具有初步筛查的意义，但是高级诊断仍就需要依靠在患者的组织或体液活检样本中卵，幼虫或成虫的发现^[6]。

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：15817字