摘 要

在全球能源危机和环境污染的大背景下，全球各国对海洋环境的重视日益增加。探索可再生能源的发展利用，并实现其在航运业的推广应用是缓解能源危机，减少船舶排放污染的有效途径之一。将光伏发电系统等可再生能源应用于船舶能源系统，能够在降低有害气体排放的同时有效降低船舶燃油消耗，进而一定程度上提升航运企业的经济效益。此外，随着环境问题的日益突出，港口对于船舶排放的标准也不断提升，岸电系统、清洁能源等供电方式势必成为未来的发展趋势。对于包含柴油发电机组、蓄电池、光伏系统、岸电系统等在内的混合能源系统，尽管各分布式能源技术自身发展已相对成熟，但其对于船舶这一特殊应用背景仍有许多问题亟待解决，如船舶混合能源系统最优运行的控制模型、调度算法、控制策略等。

本文针对包含柴油发电机组、蓄电池组、光伏发电系统、岸电系统以及部分电力负载等在内的船舶混合能源系统优化运行问题展开研究。首先对混合能源系统的概念、结构及工作原理等进行详细分析，通过分析各类分布式能源的运行特性，建立了其最优化运行的基本控制模型；其次，研究并建立了整个混合能源系统最优化运行的数学模型，并建立了包含功率平衡、光伏输出、蓄电池容量、排放规则等在内的约束条件，进而将混合能源系统的最优化运行控制转化为包含等式与不等式约束的最小化问题；最后，基于线性规划原理，在MATLAB平台下搭建系统仿真模型，编写优化算法程序，对所建立的模型及算法进行验证。通过设定船舶不同的进港时间与在港时长，对模型的优化得出混合能源系统的最优控制策略。仿真结果表明，所建立的模型及算法能够实现混合能源系统在不同条件下的优化控制，在严格满足各类约束条件的同时，给出系统运行控制的较优解。

关键词：船舶光伏系统，混合能源系统，绿色船舶，太阳能，最优控制

Abstract

Under the background of the global energy crisis and environmental pollution, countries around the world pay more attention. To the marine environment than before. to alleviate the energy crisis and reduce the pollution from ships, exploring the development and utilization of renewable energy and realizing its popularization and application in the shipping industry is one of the effective ways. The application of renewable energy such as photovoltaic system to ship energy system can effectively reduce ship fuel consumption while reducing harmful gas emissions, and then improve the economic benefits of shipping enterprises to a certain extent. In addition, with the increasingly prominent environmental problems, the port emission standards for ships are also improving, shore power system, clean energy and other power supply is bound to become the future development trend. For hybrid energy system, including diesel generator sets, batteries, photovoltaic systems, shore power systems, etc., although the development of each distributed energy technology has been relatively mature, there are still many problems to be solved for the special application background of ships, such as the optimal operation control model, scheduling algorithm, control strategy and so on.

This paper studies the optimal operation of marine hybrid energy system, including diesel generators, batteries, photovoltaic systems, shore power system and part of hoteling load. Firstly, the concept, structure and working principle of hybrid energy system are analyzed in detail. By analyzing the operation characteristics of all kinds of distributed energy, the basic control model of its optimal operation is established. Secondly, the mathematical model of the optimal operation of the whole hybrid energy system is studied and established, and the constraints including power balance, photovoltaic output, battery capacity and emission rules are established. furthermore, the optimal operation control of hybrid energy system is transformed into a minimization problem with equality and inequality constraints. Finally, based on the principle of linear programming, the system simulation model is built under the MATLAB platform, and the optimization algorithm program is written to verify the model and algorithm. By setting the different entry time and stay time of the ship, the optimal control strategy of the hybrid energy system is obtained by optimizing the model. The simulation results show that the model and algorithm can realize the optimal control of the hybrid energy system under different conditions, and the optimal solution of the system operation control is given while strictly satisfying all kinds of constraints.

Keywords：Maritime photovoltaic system, Hybrid energy system, Green ship, Solar energy, Optimal control

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 1

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.3本论文主要研究内容 2

1.4论文章节安排 3

第二章 混合能源系统及各分布式能源运行模型 4

2.1混合能源系统概述 4

2.2光伏发电系统 4

2.2.1光伏发电原理 4

2.2.2光伏系统工作模型 5

2.3蓄电池 7

2.3.1蓄电池工作原理 7

2.3.2蓄电池工作模型 7

2.4船载柴油发电机 8

2.4.1船载柴油发电机工作原理 8

2.4.2柴油发电机工作模型 8

2.5岸电装置 9

2.5.1岸电技术发展现状 10

2.5.2岸电装置工作模型 10

第三章 基于线性规划的混合能源系统优化运行控制模型 12

3.1混合能源系统数学模型 12

3.2等式约束条件 12

3.3不等式约束条件 12

3.4控制方法 14

3.5线性规划原理 14

3.6混合能源系统优化运行控制模型 14

第四章 仿真实验与实验结果 15

4.1实验环境与参数设置 15

4.2仿真实验结果分析 16

第五章 总结与展望 21

5.1总结 21

5.2展望 21

参考文献 22

致谢 23

第一章 绪论

1.1课题研究背景及意义

随着时代的发展，能源成为科学技术发展的第一动力，传统的能源多为不可再生资源，如石油，天然气，煤炭等^[1]。在世界经济不断加速发展的今天，能源消耗的速度日益加快的同时能源储量日益减少，逐渐制约社会发展。可再生能源的探索与发展成为时代之刚需，未来的能源结构也将向其倾斜（图1.1）。船舶，作为海上主要交通工具，具有航行距离远，载货量大的特点，与空运相比，航海运输更节省成本。但船舶对于化石燃料的使用需求巨大，严重影响了现今推行的可持续发展战略。如何将可再生资源应用至船舶，从而降低船舶运行成本和对柴油等化石燃料的依赖成为航运业节能减排的全球性研究课题。