摘 要

升船机是在船舶运输过程中，航道的水位差较大时，将船舶从较高（或低）水位运输至较低（或高）水位的运输设备。升船机的出现，极大提高了船舶在内河通行的效率。但是，升船机在通航运行初期由于设备较多且工况复杂，使得升船机不可避免的出现一些问题，其中升船机充泄水管道系统经常出现管道破裂现象，严重影响升船机的正常运行。鉴于升船机在水路运输中的重要作用，本文对升船机充泄水管道系统进行有限元仿真分析，研究升船机充泄水管道系统的疲劳寿命。主要工作如下：

（1）将波纹管作为主要研究对象，建立了升船机充泄水管道系统的有限元模型；

（2）对管道系统进行流固耦合仿真，计算结果表明：由于波纹管的变截面特性使得流体流经波纹管后管道系统内部流场特性发生改变，导致在波纹管处出现最大应力集中；

（3）对管道系统进行疲劳寿命仿真，计算结果表明：由于波纹管的变截面特性使得流体流经波纹管后管道系统内部流场特性发生改变，导致波纹管中部发生较大应变，疲劳寿命降低

关键词：升船机、有限元模型、流固耦合仿真、疲劳寿命。

Abstract

The ship lift is a transportation device that transports a ship from a higher (or lower) water level to a lower (or higher) water level when the water level difference of the channel is larger during the ship's transportation. The emergence of ship lifts has greatly improved the efficiency of ships passing through rivers. However, due to the large number of equipment and complicated working conditions in the early stage of the ship lift, some problems inevitably occur in the ship lift. Among them, the pipeline of the ship lift's filling and discharging pipeline system often breaks, which seriously affects the ship lift normal operation. In view of the important role of ship lifts in waterway transportation, this paper performs a finite element simulation analysis on the ship lift's filling and discharging pipeline system to study the fatigue life of the ship lift's filling and discharging pipeline system. The main work and research results are as follows:

(1) Established the finite element model of the ship lift's filling and discharging pipeline system, and took the bellows as the main research object;

(2) Through the fluid-structure coupling simulation calculation of the pipeline system, it is found that due to the variable cross-sectional characteristics of the bellows, the internal flow field characteristics of the pipeline system change after the fluid flows through the bellows, resulting in the maximum stress concentration at the bellows;

(3) The fatigue life simulation calculation results of the pipeline system show that due to the variable cross-sectional characteristics of the bellows, the internal flow field characteristics of the pipeline system change after the fluid flows through the bellows, resulting in large strain in the middle of the bellows and reduced fatigue life.

Key Words：Ship lift、Finite element model、Fluid-structure coupling simulation、Fatigue life.

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景和意义 1

1.2 国内外研究发展现状 1

1.2.1 疲劳的基本概念 1

1.2.2 疲劳研究的发展 2

1.2.3 管道系统流固耦合研究现状 3

1.2.4 管道系统疲劳寿命研究现状 5

1.2.5 抗疲劳设计的方法 6

1.3 本文的主要工作内容 6

1.3.1升船机充泄水管道建模 6

1.3.2 升船机充泄水管道流固耦合仿真 6

1.3.3 升船机充泄水管道系统疲劳寿命预测 7

第2章 充泄水管道的有限元模型 8

2.1 模型的建立 8

2.2 网格划分 10

2.2.1 流体域网格划分 10

2.2.2 固体域网格划分 10

2.2.3 网格的无关性检验 11

第3章 升船机充泄水管道系统的疲劳寿命分析 14

3.1 升船机充泄水管道流固耦合仿真 14

3.2 升船机充泄水管道的疲劳寿命分析 17

3.3 本章小结 17

第4章 总结与展望 18

4.1 总结 18

4.2 展望 18

参考文献 19

致谢 21

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景和意义