摘 要

主梁是起重机中主要的受力部件，在起重机设计开发中是主要的设计对象。因此研究起重机主梁的快速设计方法意义重大。通过学习桥式起重机主梁的设计规范，熟悉设计方法，掌握设计过程，学习visual basic程序设计语言，最终编写出一个计算机应用程序来自动设计计算起重机的主梁。

桥式起重机的梁有多种结构，本论文采用箱形双梁结构。主梁是由上下盖板和两块垂直的腹板组成封闭的箱形截面实体板梁连接。用visual basic语言进行主梁自动化设计时，对设计时需要用到的参考图形和表格数据进行了分段线性化处理，以便程序能够自动运行。起重量和主梁跨度是需要给定输入的两个条件。然后根据输入的数据自动设计计算出主梁的各个具体尺寸，并通过设计程序自动校核最大弯矩、剪力和刚度等是否满足要求，满足要求后将各个主要计算结果进行输出，实现了输出的结果使用可靠。主梁快速设计方法与一般的主梁设计方法相比较，极大地提高了设计效率。说明主梁的软件生成对提高产品效率，减少开发周期，提高企业竞争能力效果显著。

关键词：桥式起重机； 主梁； 自动设计； VB

Abstract

the girder supports a variety of loads in crane,which is the main force member in crane and the major design object in crane design .It’s a great significance to study the rapid design of crane girder. Familiar with the design code for the main beam of the bridge crane, understand the design method, master the design process, learning Visual Basic programming language, finally, a computer application program is designed to automatically design and calculate the main beam of the crane.

Bridge crane beam has a variety of structure, the design of the box beam structure. The main beam is a closed box section solid plate girder which is composed of an upper and a lower cover plate and two vertical web plates. When using basic visual language to design the main beam automatic design, in the design of the need to use the reference graphics and table data for the piecewise linear processing, so that the program can run automatically. Lifting weight and main beam span are two conditions that require a given input. Then, according to the input data, the design and calculation of each specific size of the main beam, And through the software automatically check the maximum bending moment, shear force and stiffness, and so whether to meet the requirements, meet the requirements will be the main results of the output of the output, to achieve the output of the size of the results can be used to reliably. and comparison with the design method of the general main beam , the efficiency can be greatly improved .Show that the above method is very effective to improve the efficiency of product design and shorten the development cycle, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.

Key words：bridge crane； main beam； automatic design； VB

目录

第1章 绪论·····················································································1

1.1桥式起重机概述·········································································1

1.1.1桥式起重机的简介·································································1

1.1.2桥式起重机的发展现状···························································1

1.1.3桥式起重机主梁的设计现状·····················································2

1.2论文的研究意义及内容································································2

1.2.1论文的研究背景及意义···························································2

1.2.2论文的主要研究内容······························································2

第2章 起重机主梁的设计校核·····························································5

2.1 箱形梁式桥架结构的构造····························································5

2.1.1 桥架的总体构造···································································5

2.1.2 箱形主梁的构造和主要尺寸的确定···········································6

2.2 桥架结构的设计要求··································································8

2.3 箱形结构主梁的校核计算····························································9

2.3.1 桥架设计的计算载荷及其组合·················································9 2.3.2 主梁的强度校核··································································14

2.3.3 主梁的刚度校核·································································17

2.4 主梁的上拱度·········································································18

第3章 VB编程实现自动化设计··························································20

3.1 数据类型的定义·····································································20

3.2 主梁各尺寸参数的计算····························································20

3.3 主梁强度的验算·····································································22

3.4 结果输出··············································································25

3.5 清空程序截面········································································26

3.6软件自动设计的效果演示··························································27

3.6.1清空程序截面···································································27

3.6.2运行演示·········································································28

第4章 全文总结与展望····································································30

参考文献························································································31

致谢······························································································32

附录······························································································33

第1章 绪论

1.1 桥式起重机概述

1.1.1桥式起重机的简介

起重机械是当代工业生产中极其重要的机械设备，使用起重机不仅可以减轻工人劳动强度，而且能够实现生产过程自动化，极大地地提高了工业生产效率。起重机在港口码头、建筑工地、制造企业、物流周转等单位和部门应用广泛，如今成为人类工业生产活动不可缺少的机械设备。

桥式起重机以桥架当做承载机构，将起升机构、小车运行机构和大车运行机构等几部分组成的起重机械。目前，桥式起重机是使用范围最广的起重机械，它在交通、矿山、机械等的各种生产车间、企业仓库，以及在室内或露天场所作安装、装卸及搬运起重工作，它是工厂物流系统不可或缺的物料运送机械。桥式起重机的类型不同，所起吊的物体类型也各不相同，根据物体的不同所采用的吊具不同。