摘 要

随着世界经济全球化、金融一体化进程的逐渐加快，洗钱犯罪日益严重。对洗钱行为的正确认识、对洗钱犯罪做出正确的法律界定，具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。对洗钱犯罪的进一步研究，在一定程度上可以丰富和完善我国刑法理论，对刑事立法有一定的促进作用，可以发现立法中的不足之处，为进一步完善立法和司法提供一定的合理化建议。

本文结合国外相关立法情况和各类学说观点，论述洗钱罪的相关概念及构成要件，从洗钱罪的相关客观要件、主观要件出发，阐述学界争议观点并作出评析，提出我国关于洗钱犯罪立法不足之处，并提出合理化的建议。全文共分为五个章节：

第一章主要概述本文的研究内容，包括研究目的及意义、国内外现状、主要内容等等。

第二章主要概述洗钱罪的概念和构成要件，对洗钱罪有个大体宏观的认识。

第三章为洗钱罪客观要件再认识，该部分分为两个方面，一是对客体要件的理解，主要阐述学界对于二者的不同观点，并对各观点做出评析。接着论证司法机关正常活动、国家经济管理秩序成为洗钱罪犯罪客体的可能性。二是对洗钱行为方式的认定，通过分析洗钱的三个阶段，比较国内外关于洗钱行为的规定，论证我国法律所规定的洗钱行为仅为“转移”、“转换”方法。

第四章是洗钱罪主观要件的再认识。一方面，讨论上游犯罪人能否成为洗钱罪犯罪主体。通过理解我国刑法关于洗钱犯罪主体的规定，比较分析学界不同观点，从不适用“事后不可罚”、司法公正效率、司法可操作性等角度论证上游犯罪人成为洗钱犯罪主体的可能性。另一方面，探讨“明知”的认定问题。从明知的性质、判断标准、程度三方面展开论述，认为“明知”只需要对上游犯罪有概括性认识即可，对于“明知”采用主客观相统一的判断标准，“明知”的程度达到“推定明知”即可。

第五章综合前面所述，针对我国洗钱罪立法所存在的不足之处，提出相对合理、可行的建议。

关键词：洗钱罪；客体要件；行为方式；上游犯罪人；主体范围；明知

Abstract

With the globalization of world economy and gradually accelerated financial integration, the crime of money laundering is becoming increasingly serious. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for us to maintain a correct understanding of the money laundering behaviors and to have a correct legal definition of the crime of money laundering. The further study of the crime of money laundering can enrich and complete the theory of criminal law in China and has certain effect in promoting criminal legislation as it can help us find the defects in the legislation, thus providing certain reasonable suggestions for the further improvement of our legislation and judicature.

In combination of the relevant legislation both at home and abroad, as well as various theories and viewpoints, this paper has discussed relevant concepts and key constitutive elements of the crime of money laundering. Starting from the objective elements and subjective elements of the crime of money laundering, it has elaborated and analyzed disputable viewpoints relating to this within the academic circles. Thereafter, it has put forward the defects of China’s legislation on the crime of money laundering, including the provision of reasonable suggestions. This paper can be divided into 5 chapters in total:

The first chapter mainly summarizes the research contents of this paper, including the research purpose and significance, the domestic and international status, the main content and so on.

In the second chapter, it has mainly summarized the concept and key constitutive elements of the crime of money laundering so that we can have a general macro understanding of the crime of money laundering.

The third chapter is about the recognition of the objective elements of money laundering crime. This part is divided into two aspects. One is about the understanding of the elements of the object, mainly expounds the different views of the criminal object of the money laundering, and makes an analysis of the views. Then it is proved that the normal activities of the judicial organs and the national economic management order has become the possibility of the object of money laundering crime. Other is about the identification of the behavioral patterns of the crime of money laundering. By analyzing three stages of money laundering and comparing stipulations from home and abroad on money laundering behaviors, it has demonstrated that the money laundering behaviors as stipulated by the laws in China are only referred to as “transfer” or “transformation” methods.

The fourth chapter is about the understanding of the money laundering crime subjective elements. On the one hand, it has discussed whether or not the upstream criminal can be the subject of the crime of money laundering. Through understanding the stipulation on the subject of the crime of money laundering by our criminal law, it has compared and analyzed the different viewpoints maintained within the academic circle. In addition, it has argued the possibility for upstream criminals to become the subjects of the crime of money laundering from perspectives, including the failure to apply “impunity for any afterward act”, justice and efficiency of the judicature and judicial operability. On the other hand, it discussed the identification of the “clear awareness” of the crime of money laundering from the subjective aspect of such crime, in which it has discussed the same from the nature, judgment standard and extent of such “clear awareness”, thereby holding that only a general understanding on the upstream crimes is required and that we should adopt a judgment standard that integrates both the subjectivity and objectivity, in another word, it should be the case if the extent of “clear awareness” reaches the extent of “presumed clear awareness”.

The fifth chapter has concluded the defects of China’s legislation on the crime of money laundering and raised corresponding suggestions for their improvement by summarizing the contents of above five parts.

Keywords: crime of money laundering, object of crime of money laundering, behavioral pattern, upstream criminal, subject of the money laundering, clear awareness

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究目的及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状概述 1

1.2.1 国内研究现状 1

1.2.2 国外研究现状 1

1.3 研究主要内容 1

第2章 洗钱罪概述 2

2.1 洗钱罪的概念 2

2.2 洗钱罪的构成要件 2

2.2.1 犯罪客体 2

2.2.2 犯罪客观方面 2

2.2.3 犯罪主体 3

2.2.4 犯罪主观方面 3

第3章 洗钱罪客观要件再认识 4

3.1 洗钱罪客体要件再认识 4

3.1.1 关于洗钱罪客体要件的观点 4

3.1.2 关于洗钱罪客体要件的评析 4

3.1.3关于洗钱罪客体要件的论证 5

3.2 洗钱行为方式的认定 6

3.2.1 洗钱的三个阶段 6

3.2.2 洗钱行为方式 7