摘 要

1 绪 论 1

1.1 概况 1

1.2 论文研究目的 1

1.3 论文主要内容 2

2 系统总体设计 3

2.1 系统总体结构 3

2.2 系统总体功能 3

2.3 系统需求设备选型 4

2.3.1 单片机 4

2.3.2 卷扬式启闭机 4

2.3.3 继电器 6

2.3.4 闸位计 9

2.3.5 通信模块 10

2.4 本章小结 14

3 系统硬件设计 15

3.1闸门开闭硬件设计 15

3.1.1 三相电机正反转电路 15

3.1.2 单片机和继电器 17

3.2闸门开度检测硬件设计 19

3.2.1 RS485通信接口 19

3.2.2 MODBUS协议 20

3.2.3 闸门开度原理设计 20

3.3 无线通信硬件设计 21

3.4 本章小结 22

4 系统软件设计 23

4.1 闸门开闭软件设计 23

4.2 闸门开度检测软件设计 23

4.3 无线通信软件设计 27

4.3.1单片机串口通信 27

4.3.2 窄带物联网联网 30

4.4 本章小结 33

参考文献 34

致 谢 35

摘 要

我国是一个农业大国,农业灌溉用水占我国水资源的很大一部分。然而,根据调查结果,农业用水利用率很低。提高农业用水利用率,以节约水资源,实施可持续发展战略已迫在眉睫。通过对灌溉闸门数据的远程分析和实时控制,设计了灌区闸门远程控制系统,以实现节水灌溉的目标。

在此提出了一种基于窄带物联网的灌溉闸门远程控制系统的设计方案。系统主要分为两部分：门控模块和远程通信模块。其中，闸门控制由单片机实现，远程通信由窄带物联网实现，主要是检测闸门液压启闭机的状态、遥控、故障报警等。这两个模块相互配合、无缝连接，实现了灌区闸门远程控制，提高了农业生产效率和节水灌溉效率。

在该系统的设计中,单片机选用STC15系列单片机,它具有很强的抗干扰能力,且不需要外部晶振,具有超高速串口,快速操作的特点，与传统的8051单片机兼容。以太阳能电池为能源,具有普遍、无害、长久的明显优势;灌区闸门采用卷扬式启闭机控制,通过电机正反转电路可以控制卷扬式启闭机提升或下降,其中单片机通过控制继电器间接控制电机正反转。此外,还需要检测闸门的开度,门的运动由耦合器驱动,并输出对应于制动水平和相应的机械行程和断裂信号的格雷码编码信号。输出信号是点阵，输入到stc15进行处理,就可以得到当前开度。最后,窄带物联网使用中移物联网公司的M5310模块,Hi2110芯片,,具有工业水平高,低损耗,深覆盖、集成度高的特性,是中国移动在NB-IoT领域主打的一款核心产品。通过串口UART与单片机通信。

本系统设计的选材都是综合比对之后较为科学、经济、高效、合理的,高度契合了当今时代的可持续发展理念。

关键词：窄带物联网；闸门；远程控制；单片机；可持续发展

Abstract

China is a big country in agriculture. Agricultural irrigation water accounts for a large part of China’s water resources. However, according to the survey results, the utilization rate of agricultural water is very low. It is imminent to increase the water use efficiency of agriculture so as to save water resources and implement a sustainable development strategy. Through the remote analysis and real-time control of the irrigation gate data, a remote control system for the irrigation gate was designed to achieve the goal of water-saving irrigation.

In this paper, a design scheme for remote control system of irrigation gate based on narrow-band Internet of Things is proposed. The system is mainly divided into two parts: gate control module and remote communication module. Among them, the gate control is realized by the one-chip computer, the long-distance communication is realized by the narrow band thing network, mainly is the state that the hydraulic pressure hoister of the gate is tested, the remote control, the breakdown alarm and so on. The two modules cooperate with each other and connect seamlessly, realizing the remote control of the sluice gates and improving the efficiency of agricultural production and the efficiency of water-saving irrigation.

In the design of this system, the one-chip computer chooses STC15 series one-chip computer, it has very strong anti-jamming ability, and does not need the external crystal oscillator, has the characteristic of high-speed serial port, fast operation, compatible with the traditional 8051 one-chip computer. Taking solar cells as energy sources, it has the obvious advantages of being universal, harmless, huge, and long-lasting; the gates of irrigation districts are controlled by hoisting hoists, and the motor hoisting and reversing circuits can control the hoisting hoists to raise or lower, among which the microcontroller The motor is indirectly controlled by the control relay. In addition, it is also necessary to detect the opening of the gate, so use the KS-10 type shaft connection sluice meter of Xuzhou Weishui Water Co., Ltd. The KS-10 type shaft connection sluice meter is composed of a mechanical or photoelectric encoder, a limit switch device and Adaptive coupler structure. The movement of the door is driven by a coupler and outputs a Gray coded signal corresponding to the braking level and the corresponding mechanical stroke and break signal. The output signal is a lattice, input to stc15 for processing, you can get the current opening. In the end, narrowband Internet of Things uses the M5310 module of China Mobile IoT Co., Ltd., Hi2110 chip, which has the characteristics of high industrial level, low loss, deep coverage, and high integration, and is a core product of China Mobile in the field of NB-IoT. . Communicate with the microcontroller through the serial UART.

The system design and the selection of materials is more scientific, economical, efficient, and reasonable after comprehensive comparison, and it is highly consistent with the concept of sustainable development in the modern era.