摘 要

压缩机是目前制冷系统中应用最为广泛的制冷设备，自螺杆式制冷压缩机1934年发明到现在，经数十年来的改进已被广泛的应用在各个行业。为了进一步优化制冷系统的功能和特点，全球螺杆式制冷压缩机市场上的新产品迅速发展，而且整个全球制冷行业加大了对制冷压缩机的研究力度。特别是在船舶制冷的研究方向上，成为了重中之重，使得螺杆式制冷压缩机研发的新成果不断地出现。

查阅大量的期刊、论文、专著以及相关产品的介绍和新闻期刊，发现由于螺杆制冷压缩机具有单机大范围的制冷能力优势，完全适合船舶中使用的要求，制造时很少出现易损件，日常的使用和维护非常方便，这使它非常适合在海上这种特殊条件下工作。而现在远洋的很多大型货轮及渔船对船用制冷压缩机的要求也越来越高，螺杆式制冷压缩机可以完全满足这些船舶的需求。从目前螺杆式制冷压缩机产品发展较好几家公司进行挖掘查找，查找了他们公司很有特点且市场运用广泛的几个螺杆式制冷压缩机新品：日本日立公司的MYCOM中V系列螺杆式制冷压缩机、台湾富盛公司的新型半封闭式螺杆制冷压缩机（BSR Series，CSRL Series，SRT Series）三种类型、德国比泽尔的H系列氨用螺杆压缩机等。他们的螺杆压缩机新产品各具特点：日立公司产品的突出特点在于压缩机与电动机可分离工作，使其适用的范围更加广泛；而富盛公司产品的突出特点采用5：6非对称型的转子齿形，这使得转子可在连续工作运转下一直保持最佳的间隙，保证它在工作时具有最高效率。比泽尔公司的产品则是在使用时需要氨制冷剂，可带经济器并联运行，使其在高蒸汽温度和高冷凝温度的运行工况下具有高能效。但会造成在使用氨制冷剂时需要特定的润滑油。

螺杆式制冷压缩机在新产品上所取得的技术进步及在船舶中的应用表明螺杆式制冷压缩机在未来会有良好的发展前景。

关键词：船舶；制冷；压缩机；螺杆式

Abstract

The compressor is the most widely used refrigeration equipment in the refrigeration system. Since the invention of the screw refrigeration compressor in 1934, it has been widely used in various industries after decades of improvement. In order to further optimize the functions and characteristics of the refrigeration system, new products in the global screw refrigeration compressor market have developed rapidly, and the entire global refrigeration industry has increased its research on refrigeration compressors. Especially in the research direction of ships and refrigeration, it has become a top priority, and new achievements in the development of screw refrigeration compressors have emerged.

By consulting a large number of periodicals, papers, monographs and related products' introduction and news journals, it is found that the screw refrigeration compressor has the advantages of a single machine with a wide range of refrigeration capacity, and is completely suitable for the requirements of use in ships. It is very convenient to use and maintain, which makes it very suitable for working under these special conditions at sea. Now many large oceangoing vessels and fishing boats have higher requirements for marine refrigeration compressors, and screw refrigeration compressors can fully satisfy The needs of these ships. From the current development of screw refrigeration compressor products, several companies have conducted excavation and search, and found several screw-type refrigeration compressors that are very characteristic of the company and widely used in the market: V-series screw refrigeration compression of MYCOM in Japan Hitachi Machine, Taiwan Fusheng company's new semi-closed screw refrigeration compressor (BSR Series, CSRL Series, SRT Series) three types, Germany's Bitzer's H series ammonia screw compressor. Their new products for screw compressors have their own characteristics: the outstanding feature of Hitachi's products is that the compressor and the motor can be separated, making it suitable for a wider range of applications. The outstanding features of Fusheng's products use a 5:6 asymmetric rotor. The tooth profile allows the rotor to maintain optimum clearance throughout continuous operation, ensuring maximum efficiency during operation. Bitzer's products require ammonia refrigerant during use and can be operated in parallel with an economizer to provide high energy efficiency in high steam temperatures and high condensing temperatures. However, it will result in the need for specific lubricants when using ammonia refrigerants.

The technical progress of screw refrigeration compressor in new products and its application in ship show that screw refrigeration compressor will have a good development prospect in the future.

Key Words：Ship；Refrigeration；Compressor；Screw type

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 2

1.1 目的及意义 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 3

1.3 本文主要工作内容 5

第2章 螺杆式制冷压缩机 6

2.1 基本结构及工作原理 6

2.2 螺杆式制冷压缩机特点 9

2.3 本章总结 9

第3章 螺杆式制冷压缩机的最新发展 10

3.1 螺杆式制冷压缩机最新进展 10

3.1.1 日立的MYCOM（V） 10

3.2.2 富盛的BSR Series，CSRL Series，SRT Series 12

3.3.3 比泽尔的H系列氨用螺杆压缩机 13

3.4 螺杆式制冷压缩机在船舶中的应用 15

3.5 总结 17

第4章 船舶螺杆式制冷压缩机案例分析 18

4.1 案例一 18

4.2 案例二 20

第5章 总结 22

参考文献 23

致 谢 24

第1章 绪论

1.1 目的及意义

目前，市场上制冷压缩机分为容积式（主要有往复活塞式），回转式（有涡旋式、螺杆式、滚动转子式三种类型），离心式等^{[1] [2]}。其中螺杆式压缩机被广泛的应用在空调制冷系统中，并在国内的市场上得到了广泛的推广，大大提高了我国螺杆螺杆式制冷压缩机的整体产品质量和市场的需求。螺杆式制冷压缩机新产品研发的脚步正迅速前进，使得国内的市场需求不断增长。商用中央空调及工业制冷是我国螺杆式压缩机市场中的下游产业，而随着人们对环境保护和人性化的设计理念，螺杆压缩机将会迅速发展。在中型制冷量（30RT-500RT）的中央空调制冷领域（注：RT指的是空调制冷量单位，“冷吨”），螺杆压缩机完全取代了活塞式压缩机成为市场上最受欢迎的产品^[3]。

据了解近年来螺杆压缩机凭借其优点，不仅快速地占据了以前容量较大的往复式压缩机的市场，还正在向容量偏中的制冷压缩机市场进军 ^[5-7]。在冷藏、工艺冷冻及空调等制冷设备上也被广泛应用，螺杆式压缩机可为暖通空调方面（水热泵、空气热源、冰蓄热及热回收等四种类型）提供所需的运行工况。