摘 要

近年来，环境污染、全球变暖、生态环境恶化等问题不断加剧，这些都是由于化石燃料的大量消耗所导致的。针对这样的现状，人们迫切地寻找解决问题的方法。一方面，国家制定政策制止不环保的能源使用方式，如关闭热电厂、化工厂等，针对汽车行业，国家发布了汽油发动机“国六”指标，让不符合排放指标的交通工具退出市场和道路；另一方面，相关人员正在积极寻找更加安全高效、清洁环保的可持续能源。在氢气的运用技术越来越成熟的状况下，人们在能源使用方面又多了一种选择。能源是人类生产、生活的基石，也是发展的动力。随着社会经济的发展需要和化石燃料能源枯竭的挑战，近年来世界各国纷纷关注新能源的发展，其中氢因其清洁，无污染和高效率而受到青睐。

但是，氢气易燃易爆的物理性质是我们很难克服的难关。而基于对清洁能源的迫切需求，氢气在生产运输中的安全性问题是我们必须要克服的。在氢燃料电池汽车行业，车载储氢罐快充加注过程中能否安全高效是亟待解决的问题。氢气加注同时还要满足两个必不可少的标准，在罐内氢气最高温度方面，不能超过85℃的安全标准；在加注最终压力方面，不得超过额定工作压力的 125%。

本文首先根据热力学相关知识、理想气体状态方程等作为相关理论依据，推导出氢气加注过程中的温升和罐内压力等参数的公式，在公式和MATLAB软件的基础上，在Simulink模块建立单区和双区参数数学模型。采用双区双温集总参数模型针对加注过程中四个影响较大的因素（环境温度，进气温度，进气速率和初始压力等）进行仿真模拟。仿真结果可以看出，四个初始条件均会对氢气加注过程的温升和罐内压力产生较大的影响。最后在以上的仿真模拟的基础上，提出较为合理的氢气加注策略。

本文的仿真工作均是在MATLAB软件上进行操作，得出的数据在origin软件处理下绘制成图表，直观反映氢气加注过程中的温升和压力变化，给70MPa氢气加注过程和相关标准的设定提供支持。若能在行业相关研究中起到微薄的的参考作用，将会非常荣幸。

关键词：氢气；加注过程；MATLAB模型；温升；压力

Abstract

In recent years, environmental pollution, global warming, ecological environment deterioration and other problems have been aggravated, which are caused by the heavy consumption of fossil fuels. In view of this situation, people are eager to find a solution to the problem. On the one hand, the state formulates policies to stop energy use which is not environmentally friendly, such as the closure of thermal power plants, chemical plants, and so on. For the automobile industry, the state has issued a "national six" target for gasoline engines. Withdraw vehicles that do not meet emission targets from markets and roads. On the other hand, relevant personnel are actively looking for more safe and efficient, clean and environmentally friendly sustainable energy. The application technology in hydrogen is becoming more and more mature. Under the circumstances, people have another choice in energy use. Energy is not only the cornerstone of human production and life, but also the driving force of development. With the development of social economy and the challenge of fossil fuel energy depletion, countries all over the world have paid attention to the development of new energy in recent years, among which hydrogen is favored because of its cleanliness, pollution-free and high efficiency.

However, the physical properties of hydrogen flammable and explosive are difficult to overcome. Based on the urgent demand for clean energy, the safety problem of hydrogen in production and transportation must be overcome. In the automobile industry of hydrogen fuel cell, it is urgent to solve whether the on-board hydrogen storage tank can be safely and efficiently filled and filled. At the same time, two necessary standards shall be met. In terms of the maximum temperature of hydrogen in the tank, the safety standard of 85℃ shall not be exceeded.The final pressure shall not exceed 125%of the rated working pressure.

In this paper, according to the relevant knowledge of thermodynamics and the equation of state of ideal gas, the formulas of temperature rise and pressure in tank in the process of hydrogen injection are derived. on the basis of the formula and MATLAB software. The mathematical models of single-zone and two-zone parameters are established in Simulink module. The two-zone two-temperature lumped parameter model is used to simulate four factors (ambient temperature, intake rate and initial pressure) that have great influence on the filling process. The simulation results show that the four initial conditions will have a great influence on the temperature rise and the pressure in the tank during hydrogen injection. Last On the basis of the above simulation, a more reasonable hydrogen injection strategy is proposed.

The simulation work of this paper is operated on MATLAB software, and the obtained data are drawn into charts under the processing of origin software, which directly reflects the temperature rise and pressure change in the process of hydrogen injection. Support the process of 70MPa hydrogen injection and the setting of related standards. It would be a great honor to play a meagre reference role in industry-related research.

Keywords: Hydrogen, Filling process, MATLAB model, Temperature rise，Pressure.

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3 本文研究内容与方法 7

1.3.1 研究内容 7

1.3.2 研究方法 7

第2章 单区和双区双温MATLAB模型的建立 8

2.1 单区模型 8

2.1.1 单区模型的初步建立 8

2.1.2 单区模型的完善 10

2.1.3 单区模型最终建立 12

2.2 双区总参数模型 13

2.3 本章小结 15

第3章 氢气加注过程参数研究 17

3.1 环境温度的影响 17

3.2 进气温度的影响 19

3.2.1 恒定进气温度 19

3.2.2 可变进气温度 20

3.3 加注速率的影响 23

3.3.1 恒定加注速率 23

3.3.2 可变加注速率 24

3.4 初始压力的影响 26

3.5 加注速率与进气温度的共同影响 27

3.6 本章小结 30

第4章 结论与展望 31

4.1 研究结论 31

4.2 研究展望 31

参考文献 33

致 谢 35

第1章 绪论

作为正文的开篇，本章首先对氢气加注过程研究背景、国内外的研究现状和相关标准进行介绍，在章末提出本文的研究思路和方法。

1.1 研究背景

大量的化石燃料的开发和过度使用，地球和人类在经受着能源枯竭、环境污染、生态危机的严重考验。根据《巴黎协定》，巴黎气候变化会议指出，各国应将全球平均温升控制在距离工业化前水平2℃以内。在21世纪下半叶，全球尽最大的努力实现零温室气体的净排放量。近年来,世界各国实施了很多措施,一方面,运用更加高端的技术，合理使用传统化石燃料，提高使用效率的同时，减少气体的排放量；另一方面,加快清洁能源的开发进程，如核能，太阳能，地热能和风能,氢能作为清洁环保、零排放的可再生能源也是其中举足轻重的一部分。在环境和能源问题的推动下，以及人类在氢能使用技术方面克服一个又一个的障碍，氢能的发展越来越受到人们的关注。特别是在汽车氢方面，汽车氢可以部分替代石油和天然气，以实现减排。

汽车的储氢必须满足质量密度，体积密度和里程数的要求。如今大家公认的标准是，成熟的商用车辆储氢系统应达到体积储氢密度70kg H₂/m³，单位质量储氢密度7.5wt%。在汽车上目前使用最广泛的方法是高压气态储氢，为了满足车辆里程的需要，储氢罐的额定压力需要达到35MPa-70MPa的高压，同时加氢站的加氢压力需要达到40MPa-75MPa。