人工湿地改性填料对重金属镉净化效果研究毕业论文
2021-04-04 23:57:01
摘 要
本文研究内容为人工湿地改性沸石填料对重金属镉的净化效果。通过水浴-共沉淀法制得LDHs,以原始沸石为基体,对沸石填料进行LDHs覆膜改性;通过净化实验,对比改性前后沸石填料对重金属镉的去除效果,为改性填料提高人工湿地系统对重金属镉净化效果的研究奠定理论基础;通过改性沸石填料对重金属镉的去除效果分析,为填料的净化机理及填料改性工艺提供理论指导。
实验包括原始沸石改性实验和LDHs覆膜改性沸石与原始沸石对重金属镉的净化实验两部分,通过建立净化小试模型模拟沸石填料对重金属镉的净化作用。本净化实验系统进行了三个月的运行与数据监测,对改性前后沸石填料重金属镉的去除效果有了初步的认识,得到的主要结论如下:(1)材料检测结果说明控制金属摩尔比,利用水浴-共沉淀法制取 LDHs 并将其在沸石填料表面进行覆膜是可行的,改性对沸石的结构特性进行了改善,从而影响沸石的化学特性和物理特性。(2)通过对比在不同进水镉浓度和不同填料的条件下对镉离子的平均去除率可以发现,改性过后的沸石填料对于镉的平均去除率都要高于原始沸石,且处理效果更加稳定;采用不同金属离子进行填料改性所得到的改性填料,在处理进水镉浓度不同的污水时,表现也不同。(3)对原始沸石及MgAl-LDHs和MgFe-LDHs覆膜改性沸石在相同进水镉浓度下的平均去除率进行单因素方差分析可以得出,原始沸石进行改性对镉的去除有着显著的影响;对某种填料在不同进水镉浓度下的平均去除率进行单因素方差分析可以得出,不同进水镉浓度对镉的去除效果有着显著的影响。
综上所述,LDHs覆膜改性填料能够显著提高镉的去除效果,不同改性填料在处理不同浓度镉溶液时的表现有所差异;在实际应用中,应根据不同的水质情况选择不同的改性填料,来达到更好的净化效果。
关键词:人工湿地、改性沸石、重金属镉、净化实验、LDHs覆膜
Abstract
The research content of this paper is the purification effect of modified zeolite on heavy metal cadmium. The LDHs were prepared by water bath-coprecipitation method, and the LDHs coating modification of zeolite fillers with the original zeolite as the matrix. The purification effect of the zeolite filler on the heavy metal cadmium before and after the modification was compared by the purification experiment, and the artificial wetland system was improved for the modified filler. The theoretical basis for the purification of heavy metal cadmium is laid. The removal of heavy metal cadmium by modified zeolite filler provides theoretical guidance for the purification mechanism and filler modification process of the filler.
The experiment consisted of the original zeolite modification experiment and the purification experiment of LDHs coated modified zeolite and original zeolite on heavy metal cadmium. The purification experiment was carried out by simulating the zeolite filler to simulate the purification of heavy metal cadmium. The purification experiment system carried out three months of operation and data monitoring. The preliminary understanding of the removal effect of heavy metal cadmium on zeolite filler before and after modification was obtained. The main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) The results of material detection indicate the control metal molar ratio, It is feasible to prepare LDHs by water bath-coprecipitation method and coat them on the surface of zeolite packing. The modification improves the structural characteristics of zeolite and affects the chemical and physical properties of zeolite. (2) By comparing the average removal rate of cadmium ions under different influent cadmium concentrations and different fillers, it can be found that the modified zeolite filler has higher average removal rate of cadmium than the original zeolite, and the treatment effect is more Stable; modified fillers obtained by different metal ions for filler modification have different performances when treating sewage with different cadmium influent concentrations. (3) One-way ANOVA analysis of the average removal rate of the original zeolite and MgAl-LDHs and MgFe-LDHs coated modified zeolite under the same influent cadmium concentration can be concluded that the modification of the original zeolite has significant effect on the removal of cadmium. The effect of one-way ANOVA on the average removal rate of a certain filler under different influent cadmium concentrations can be concluded that different influent cadmium concentrations have a significant effect on the removal of cadmium.
In summary, LDHs coated modified fillers can significantly improve the removal of cadmium. Different modified fillers have different performances when dealing with different concentrations of cadmium solution; in practical applications, different modified fillers should be chosen according to different water quality conditions.
Keywords: constructed wetland, modified zeolite, heavy metal cadmium, purification experiment, LDHs coating
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 课题研究背景 1
1.2 人工湿地概述 1
1.2.1人工湿地的定义 1
1.2.2人工湿地的发展历程及应用现状 2
1.2.3人工湿地去除污染物的机理 3
1.2.4人工湿地常用填料及其研究进展 3
1.3 LDHs简介 4
1.4 课题研究目的及意义 4
1.5 课题研究的目标、内容、技术方案及措施 5
1.5.1研究的目标 5
1.5.2研究的内容 5
1.5.3研究的技术方案及措施 6
第2章 沸石改性实验及其结果 7
2.1 人工湿地中填料的选择 7
2.2 沸石填料改性实验方法 7
2.3 改性前后沸石填料表观特性的变化 8
2.4 本章小结 10
第3章 除镉净化实验及其结果分析 11
3.1 净化实验简述 11
3.2 净化实验方案 11
3.2.1水样预处理 11
3.2.2配水方案 11
3.2.3进水方案 12
3.2.4出水Cd(II)检测 12
3.3 各沸石填料对Cd(II) 的净化效果 12
3.3.1净化实验结果 12
3.3.2净化实验结果方差分析 14
3.4 作用机理分析 15
3.5 本章小结 15
第4章 结论和展望 1
4.1 结论 1
4.2 展望 1
参考文献 3
致 谢 6
- 绪论
- 课题研究背景
水是生命之源,是人类正常生产、生活及不断发展的重要资源。但是,在人类不断发展的同时,水资源的短缺及污染问题也越来越严峻。地球上的水只有2.5%是淡水,而这其中又有68%是以冰川融水的形式存在于两极地区,从而不能被有效利用。我国水资源较为丰富,水资源总量位居世界第六位,但是由于我国人口众多,人均占有水量位于世界第110位[1]。同时,我国水资源在时间和空间上分布不均匀,这导致了我国存在严重的水资源短缺的问题,2018年南非开普敦的“归零日”事件绝非偶然,即使在当地人民和政府的努力下,“归零日”问题得以缓解,但是这已经为我们敲响警钟,水资源短缺的形势十分严峻。
随着经济的不断发展,水资源的污染问题也日益严重,我国大部分的生活污水和工业废水未经处理就被直接排放到水体当中,对河流、湖泊和地下水都造成了不同程度的污染,污水中COD、重金属等污染物质不断上升[2]。水资源的污染问题严重威胁生态环境,影响人类的健康生活质量,尤其是重金属污染,其具有不可生物降解、易于通过食物链富集和高毒性等特点,在常规水处理工艺中不能有效去除,有着比较强的危害作用。
水资源的短缺及污染问题已经威胁人们的正常生活,阻碍了我国的发展;在严峻的形势面前,保护并有效利用水资源、加强治理受污染的水体、坚持可持续发展是我们目前需要肩负的使命与责任。
- 人工湿地概述
1.2.1人工湿地的定义