摘 要

对于大型的运载工具如飞机、坦克、汽车等，由于其实现功能复杂，因而存在多种动力传动系统，而不同的设计人员选用的润滑油不同，故对于复杂机械产品中使用的润滑油会很多，而同一种润滑油所能适用的工作范围很广，以上多种类的润滑油在功能上应有重复叠。故可以将同一机械系统上的多个品种的润滑油减少为几种，以满足同一机械系统下不同传动系统的润滑要求。为了减少润滑油的种类，需要从润滑油的流变特性，成油膜能力、减摩抗磨能力和承载能力四个方面综合评估不同的润滑油品，为同一机械产品选用能满足使用且更少种类的润滑油做参考。

本文以长城重负荷车辆齿轮油80w/90GL-5和90GL-5、长城得威AP150工业齿轮油、C100/H舰船重负荷齿轮油、长城得威L-CKC68中负荷工业齿轮油、长城得威L-CKD460工业闭式齿轮油、长城L-CKE/P460承载型蜗轮蜗杆油共7种机械系统中常用的润滑油为研究对象，利用MCR101 旋转流变仪、光弹流试验台、UMT摩擦磨损试验仪、四球极压试验机分别实验测量了润滑油的流变性能、成膜能力、减摩抗磨能力和承载能力，并比较了不同润滑油的摩擦学性能的差异，为复杂大型机械产品不同传动系统的润滑油选择提供参考。

关键词：润滑油；流变性能；成膜能力；减摩抗磨能力；承载能力

Abstract

For large-scale delivery vehicles such as aircraft, tanks, cars, etc., because of its complex functions, and thus there are a variety of powertrain, and different designers choose different lubricants, so there will be a lot of lubricants for complex machinery products. but a kind of lubricants can be applied to a wide range of work condition, so the function of some lubricants are repeating. so it can reduce the type of lubricants to meet lubrication requirements for different transmission system at one complix mechanical system. In order to reduce the type of lubricating oil, it is necessary to evaluate the different lubricating oils from the four aspects, the rheological properties, the oil film forming ability, the anti-friction and anti-wear ability and the carrying capacity. it is the reference for choicing lubricating oil products in mechanical products.

In this paper,the Great Wall heavy-duty vehicle gear oil 80W/90GL-5 and 90GL -5, the Great Wall 150 industrial gear oil， C100/H ships heavy-duty gear，the Great Wall L-CKC68 middle load industrial gear oil，the Great Wall L-CKD460 industrial closed gear oil，the Great Wall L-CKE/P460 load volute worm oil， a total of 7 kinds of lubricating oil which is commonly used in mechanical system as the research object, using MCR101 rotational rheometer, light elastohydrodynamic test-bed, UMT friction and wear tester, four ball extreme pressure testing machine measured the rheological properties, film-forming ability, anti-friction and anti-wear ability and carrying capacity of lubricating oil, and then compares the differences between the tribological performance of lubricating oil.

Keywords: lubricating oil; Rheological properties; Film-forming ability; Reducing friction resistance; The bearing capacity

Contents

摘 要 III

Abstract IV

1 Introduction 1

1.1 The purpose and meaning 1

1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad 2

1.2.1 Research Status of rheological properties of lubricating oil 2

1.2.2 Research status of anti-friction and anti-wear ability of lubricating oil 7

1.2.3 Research status of film - forming capacity of lubricating oil 9

1.2.4 Research status of lubricating oil bearing capacity 12

1.3 The main content of the research 14

1.4 The technical plan and measures tend to be adopted: 14

1.5 The sections of the paper are arranged as follows: 15

2 Study on rheological properties of lubricating oil 17

2.1 The Physica MCR101 rotary rheometer 17

2.2 Lubricating oil sample 19

2.2.1 Great Wall heavy-duty vehicle gear oil 80w/90GL-5 and 90GL-5 19

2.2.2 Great Wall 150 industrial gear oil 20

2.2.3 C100/H ships heavy-duty gear oil 21

2.2.4 The Great Wall L-CKC68 middle load industrial gear oil 21

2.2.5 The Great Wall L-CKD460 Industrial closed gear oil 22

2.2.6 The Great Wall L-CKE/P460 load volute worm oil 23

2.3 Test condition and result analysis 24

2.3.1 Analysis of the results of the lubricating oil viscotherm test 24

2.3.2 Analysis of the results of lubricating oil shear test 27

3 Study on anti-friction and anti-wear performance of lubricating oil 29

3.1 Principle and performance indicator of UMT friction wear test instrument 29

3.2 The ball and plate 32

3.3 The experimental scheme 33

3.3.1 Orthogonal experimental introduction and design 33

3.3.2 The experimental process of friction wear 36

3.4 The results of the experiment are analyzed 37

3.4.1 Analysis of the experimental results of great wall heavy-duty vehicle gear oil 80w/90GL-5 friction wear 37

3.4.2 Analysis of the experimental results of Great Wall heavy-duty vehicle gear oil 90GL-5 friction wear 38

3.4.3 Analysis of the experimental results of Great Wall AP150 Industrial gear oil friction wear 40

3.4.4 Analysis of the experimental results of C100/H ship heavy loading gear oil friction wear 42

3.4.5 Analysis of the experimental results of The Great Wall L-CKC68 Middle load industrial gear oil friction wear 43

3.4.6 Analysis of the experimental results of Great Wall L-CKD460 Industrial closed gear oil 45

3.4.7 Analysis of the experimental results of The Great Wall L-CKE/P460 extreme pressure worm gear oil friction wear 46

3.4.8 The contrast analysis of the anti-friction capability of the same lubricants in different working conditions 48

3.4.9 The synthetic contrast analysis of different lubricating oil and friction resistance 49

4 Study on film-forming ability of lubricating oil 53

4.1 The structure and its measuring principle of the photoelastic flow laboratory 53

4.1.1 The structure of the optical projectile flow laboratory 53

4.1.2 Light interferometry is used to measure the thickness of oil film 55

4.2 The light stream test scheme 57

4.3 Analysis of the experimental results of light projectile flow 58

4.3.1 Analysis of the experimental results of the Great Wall heavy-duty vehicle gear oil 80W/90GL-5 58

4.3.2 Analysis of the experimental results of the Great Wall heavy-duty vehicle gear oil 90GL-5 60