摘 要

随着全球化的快速发展，跨文化家庭做为一种新的家庭模式开始日益普遍化，而其日常生活中所遭受的大量文化冲击，不仅挑战着原生家庭的和谐，而且比一般家庭更容易引发文化与身份危机。由于沟通是建立家庭成员互动联系的必要方式，因此在面对文化冲突时跨文化家庭如何建立良好的沟通逐渐吸引着越来越多的社会与文化研究学者的学术关注。

伍绮诗是本世纪美国最著名的亚裔作家之一，其作品通常表现了美国原住民与亚洲文化在家庭生活上的强烈冲突。《无声告白》是她的代表作，书中五个家庭成员在跨文化背景下由于不恰当的沟通而陷入循环的家庭关系危机中。基于此书在亚裔文学的跨文化及身份认同研究领域所特有的代表性，本文选择这部小说来分析暴力化沟通对跨文化家庭的影响。

本文主要从身份焦虑和身份危机的角度探讨移民家庭文化因素中异化沟通的原因。然后以教育心理学理论为基础，分析了家庭异化交流的影响。最后，本文在提出建议的基础上，对于华裔小说与跨文化交流研究新空间进行展望。

通过对美国华裔移民家庭沟通疏离现象的分析，作者发现对华裔移民父母而言影响其在美国出生和长大的子女的因素主要表现为婚姻和父子关系的回避、表亲关系的过度依赖、亲子关系的隐匿。华裔移民父母及其后代在文化理念、宗教信仰、文化接纳等方面各有不同，这反映出华裔移民家庭异化沟通背后的相关文化影响。移民家庭的父母和孩子可以通过增加知识共享和处理暴力等跨文化接受方式的互动来实现更好的沟通。

这篇论文旨在从身份焦虑和身份危机的视角探讨移民家庭文化因素中的异化沟通因素，进而以教育心理学理论为基础来阐述家庭异化交流的影响，并且在文化接受意识与文化心理认同方面分析可行性策略，从而为华裔小说与跨文化交流研究的新空间予以展望。

关键词:华裔美国移民家庭;代际关系;《无声告白》;异化沟通;跨文化研究

Abstract

With the soaring trend of globalization, more and more intercultural families are formed as a new type of family pattern. The overwhelming cultural impact they suffer in their daily life not only challenges the harmony of the family of origin, but also intrigues cultural and identity crisis. Since proper communication is indispensable to interactive connection among family members, how to maintain an appropriate way of communication attracts increasing attention from scholars in the areas of cross-cultural studies.

Celeste Ng is one of the best-known Asian writers, whose works usually show strong conflicts between Native American and Asian culture in family life. Everything I Never Told You is her masterpiece, in which five family members are caught in a struggle of intimacy because of inappropriate communication under the cross-cultural background. This book serves as a typical example in the areas of cross cultural studies and identity research. Therefore, the thesis seeks to expound the influences of violent communication on intercultural family by analyzing this particular novel.

An in-depth analysis of the alienated communication of Chinese American immigrant families in this thesis demonstrates that the main influences on Chinese immigrant parents and their American-born and American-raised children consist of avoidance in marriage and father-son relationship, overdependence in the cousin relationship, concealing in the child-parent relationship. Chinese immigrant parents and their children differ greatly in cultural values, religions and acculturation, which shows the cultural factors behind the alienated communication in Chinese American immigrant families. Parents and children in immigrant families can achieve a better communication via manners of cultural acceptance such as increasing shared knowledge and dealing with violent interaction.

The thesis aims to explore the cultural factors of alienated communicative cultural reasons in immigrant families from the perspectives of identity anxiety and identity crisis. Then based on the educational psychological theory, the thesis analyzes influences of’ alienated communication in family of origin and investigates possible coping strategies as well. Thus, the thesis helps bring insight into existing research and probe new domains of Chinese literature and cross-cultural studies.

Key words：Chinese American Immigrant Families; Intergenerational Relationships; Everything I Never Told You; Alienated Communication; Cross-cultural Studies

CONTENTS

1 Introduction and Literature Review 1

1.1 Research Background 1

1.2 The significance of the thesis 2

1.3 The structure of the thesis 2

2 Preliminaries and Definition of Related Terms 3

2.1 The Theories of Identity Anxiety 3

2.2 The Theory of Social Learning 4

2.3 Definition of Terms and Related Concepts 4

2.3.1 Family of origin 4

2.3.2 Alienated Communication 4

2.3.3 Verbal Communication and Nonverbal Communication 5

3 Psychological Problems of Identity and Education Rooted in Family of Origin 5

3.1 Analysis from Perspectives of Identity Anxiety and Identity Crisis 5

3.1.1 James’s Chinese-American Identity Crisis 6

3.1.2 Marilyn’s Gender Identity Crisis 7

3.2 Analysis from Perspective of Educational Psychology Theory 7

3.2.1 Parenting Pattern 8

3.2.2 Bandura’s theory of Social learning 8

4 Alienated Communication Exposed in Everything I Never Told You 8

4.1 Avoidance in marriage and father-son relationship 8

4.2 Overdependence in the cousin relationship 9

4.3 Concealing in the child-parent relationship 10

5 Conclusion and Discussion 11

References 12

Acknowledgements 15

A Cross -cultural Analysis of the Influence of Alienated Communication on the Relationship of Family Members

——A Case Study of Everything I Never Told You

1 Introduction and Literature Review

1.1 Research Background

In terms of the trend towards globalization, immigration is getting increasingly common and transnational families are very common across the world. Therefore, intercultural communication in immigrant families is inevitable (Qiamp; Dong, 2016). In these immigrant families, alienated communication prevails in daily life because of different cultural backgrounds and values.

Chinese immigration’s history to America can date back to the nineteen forties or even earlier. After the Second World War, American government lifted legal barriers to Chinese immigration (Su, 2016). From the 1960s to the 1990s, Chinese immigrants have increased sharply. Because of trend of the immigrants from China to America, there is a new generation of immigrant families who grow up in a cross-cultural environment. Therefore, it is important to have a healthy communication for parents and their children who are raised in America (Su, 2016).

Because of the different cultural backgrounds, alienated communication appears more frequently in intercultural families, such as moral judgment, comparison, avoidance of responsibility (Qiu, 2018), which brings challenges to intergenerational relationship.