论文总字数：35599字

摘 要

颗粒状污染物对人体健康有害，颗粒物接触人体的方式主要有：第一，随着人的呼吸进入人体；第二，直接沉降于人体表面。目前，关于颗粒物与人体健康的研究大都围绕着被吸入人体的颗粒物引发的脏器疾病，而关于表面沉积的研究较少。而颗粒物在人体表面的沉积对皮肤有着不同程度的损害，会引发皮肤炎症、老化等。因此，研究颗粒物在人体表面的沉降情况对保护人体健康具有重要意义。

本研究利用CCD图像传感器硬件系统测量颗粒物的沉降量，探究不同的环境和天气条件下大气颗粒物在人体表面的沉降情况。选择建筑群和湖边两种不同的实验环境，在不同气象条件（PM10、PM2.5、温度和湿度）下进行测量，将CCD芯片安装在人体头顶和面部，令受试者行走1小时，利用MATLAB处理图像，得到颗粒物沉降数量及其映射面积。利用SPSS进行多元逐步回归分析，对比了不同影响因素对颗粒物沉降量的影响程度。研究主要包括以下三个部分：

（1）使用CCD图像传感器硬件系统测量颗粒物沉降量；

（2）对比人在不同环境、不同天气下行走时人体表面颗粒物的沉降量；

（3）分析各个影响因素对颗粒物沉降效果的影响程度；

本研究得出以下几个重要结论：

（1）针对不同的运动场所（建筑群、湖边）：颗粒物在建筑群中沉降量较多；

（2）针对不同的芯片摆放位置（头顶、面部）：颗粒物在头顶的沉降量较高；

（3）针对不同的气象条件：在本次测量范围内，PM10的浓度以及湿度对颗粒物的沉降量存在显著影响，尤其是PM10浓度的影响效果比较明显，而温度以及PM2.5浓度对颗粒物的沉降量没有显著影响；

（4）多种因素共同影响颗粒物的沉降量。本实验中，影响程度最大的是芯片摆放位置，其次是PM10的浓度，之后是运动场所，最后是湿度。

本研究使用的CCD图像传感器硬件系统为颗粒物沉降量的测量提供了一种廉价、便捷的方法，更适用于日常测量。实验考虑了多种因素对颗粒物沉降量的影响，为颗粒物表面沉积的研究提供了新思路，同时，研究结果也为人体健康防护提供了有效参考。

关键词：MATLAB 计算机图像处理 SPSS 线性回归分析

Study on the adhesion of airborne particles on human body surface

Abstract

Granular pollutants are harmful to human health. Two main ways for particles to contact the human body are as follows: firstly, particles can enter the body with breathing, secondly, particles can directly deposit onto human bodies. At present, the research related to the influence of particles on the human health mostly revolves around the organ disease caused by the inhaled particles, the research related to the deposition of particles onto human body surface is less. However, particles’ deposition on the surface of the human body can do harm to the skin, it can cause skin inflammation, skin aging and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the deposition of particles on human body surface.

In this study, the adhesion of airborne particles on human body surface under different environmental and weather conditions were explored based on the CCD sampling system. Different measuring places (complex and campus park), different positions of CCD chips (head and face), different weather conditions (PM10、PM2.5、temperature and humidity) were set as variables. After walking for 1 hour, the MATLAB was used to process the image to obtain the amount of particles and its mapping areas. Then, in order to compare the influence of variables on particles’ deposition, stepwise regression by SPSS was used for a multi-factor regression analysis on the data. The main research contents are as follows:

(1) Measurement of particles’ deposition using a CCD sampling system;

(2) To compare the amount of particles deposited on human body surface under different environments and weather conditions;

(3) To analyze the influence of various factors on particles’ deposition;

The main conclusions of this study are as follows:

(1) For different places (complex, park): particles settle more on the buildings;

(2) For different positions of CCD chips (head, face): particles settle more on the head;

(3) For different weather conditions: Within the scope of this measurement, the concentration of PM10 and humidity have significant influence on particles settlement, while the influence of temperature and PM2.5 concentration are insignificant.

(4) Particles settlement is affected by several factors. In this study, the position of CCD chips has the greatest influence on the measurement result, followed by PM10 concentration, the location of experiment sites, and finally air humidity.

In this study, CCD sampling system provides a cheap and convenient way for the measurement of particles settlement, which is more suitable for daily use. The effects of various factors on particles settlement are considered in this experiment, providing a new idea for the study of the deposition of particles onto human body surface. The results also provide a good reference for the protection of human health.

Key word: MATLAB; Image recognition; SPSS; linear-regression analysis

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 研究目的及内容 2

第二章 实验方法及验证 4

2.1 CCD图像传感器硬件系统 4

2.2 MATLAB图像处理方法 5

2.2.1图像预处理 5

2.2.2图像分割 6

2.2.3二值图像填充 6

2.2.4 连通区域标记 7

2.3 验证实验 7

2.3.1浓度验证 7

2.3.2数量验证 8

2.3.3质量验证 10

2.3.3误差分析 13

2.4 本章小结 13

第三章 人体表面颗粒物沉降量的测量 14

3.1 实验设计 14

3.2 测量结果 16

第四章 SPSS统计分析 17

4.1平均数分析 17

4.2单因素分析 18

4.3多因素分析 20

4.4误差分析 26

第五章 总结与展望 27

参考文献 28

致 谢 30

附录 31

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