摘 要

彭家寨土家吊脚楼群，是土家族居住形式与建筑文化的集中体现，同时也是我国武陵地区传统干栏式建筑的杰出代表之一。吊脚楼是土家人在其独特的生活环境中所形成的独具特色的民族建筑。吊脚楼源于古代的干栏式建筑，是鄂、湘、渝、黔土家族地区普遍使用的一种民居建筑形式，规模宏大，样式独特，集聚自身实用功能和审美特征于一体。彭家寨土家吊脚楼具有鲜明的民族特色和丰厚的文化内涵，既是土家先民长期同自然斗争的结晶，也是他们坎坷命运的真实写照。

随着西部大开发和新农村建设的兴起，西部地区工业化、市场化、城镇一体化和现代化的进程也在不断加快，同为西部的恩施彭家寨自在其中，恩施彭家寨，统筹统建，旧拆新建，大兴土木也在如火如荼的进行着。这样对历史的、传统的、现存的民族本土文化带来不同程度的冲击、破坏和影响，其中彭家寨土家族传统民居——土家吊脚楼群，也将受到严峻的考验。如不加强对其合理的开发利用，民族文化遗产将会不断流失或消亡，对其进行合理有效的价值评估，采取一定的保护措施也将成为一项艰巨而又势在必行的任务。

本文以鄂西恩施宣恩县彭家寨吊脚楼建筑群为例，将从彭家寨的自然、人文和历史环境入手就土家吊脚楼的布局形式、建筑材料、建造过程、构造特征、装饰特色、建筑文化内涵以及文化的传播与保护等方面对恩施彭家寨土家传统民居——吊脚楼进行研究与探讨。着重分析了彭家寨吊脚楼建筑的几种形式以及其所具有的价值，并提出了一定的继承保护和开发利用的措施。

关键字：彭家寨；土家族；吊脚楼；建筑文化；开发保护

Abstract

Pengjia village Tujia Diaojiao Lou group is concentrated expression of form and architectural culture of Tujia residential, but also in the Wuling area of our country, the traditional dry column construction of one of the outstanding representatives. Stilts is Tujia people formed in the unique environment of the unique national building. Diaojiaolou originated from ancient dry column type building, is widely used in Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Guizhou Tujia area form a residential building, large-scale, unique style, gathering its practical function and aesthetic features in one. Pengjia village Tujia Diaojiao Lou has distinctive national characteristics and rich cultural connotations, is Tujia ancestors long struggle with the natural crystal, but also their bumpy fate of true portrayal.

With the rise of western big development and the new rural construction, the western area industrialization, marketization, urban integration and modernization process is in a constant speed, with the Western Enshi Pengjia village freedom, Enshi Pengjia village, new co-ordination, massive construction projects also in full swing in a. Such of history, tradition, the existing native culture bring different degrees of impact, damage and the influence, which the Pengjia village Tujia traditional houses of Tujia Diaojiao Lou group, will also be subject to severe test. If not strengthen the reasonable development and utilization, national cultural heritage will continue to drain or die, carries on the reasonable and effective value assessment, take certain protective measures will also become an arduous and imperative task.

This paper takes the western Hubei Enshi xuan'en Pengjia village buildings on stilts as an example, from the Pengjia village of natural, cultural and historical environment of Tujia Diaojiao Lou's layout, building materials, construction process, structural features, decorative features, architectural culture and the protection of the buildings on and Study on the Enshi Pengjia village of Tujia traditional dwellings -- Diaojiaolou research. Pengjia village Diaojiao building several forms and its value are analyzed, and puts forward some measures for certain inheritance, protection and development and utilization.

Key words: Peng Zhai; Tujia Diaojiaolou; architectural culture; development and protection

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

绪论 1

1.1 研究的目的 1

1.2 研究的意义 1

1.3 研究的方法 2

第一章 彭家寨的自然和人文环境 3

1 彭家寨自然环境对其建筑的影响 3

1.1地理位置 3

1..2地质地貌 3

1.3气候 4

1.4植被 5

2 彭家寨的人文环境与其建筑的关系 6

2.1人口由来 6

2.2 宗教信仰 6

2.3 民俗文化 7

第二章 彭家寨土家吊脚楼建筑的特点 8

1 选址布局 9

1.1彭家寨村寨选址 9

1.2彭家寨村寨布局 10

2 建筑材料 11

3 建筑过程 12

3.1相地选址 12

3.2破土动工 14

3.3立屋上梁 14

3.4房屋装修 18

4 建筑的结构与特点 18

4.1吊脚楼的几种形态 18

4.2吊脚楼的结构形式 20

4.3吊脚楼的结构特点 21

5 装饰特色 22

5.1门窗 23

5.2墙面 25

5.3栏杆 25

5.4挑柱 26

5.5檐口与房顶 26

第三章 彭家寨吊脚楼建筑美学和艺术价值 28

1 美学价值 29

1.1疏密 29

1.2大小 30

1.3高低 30

1.4明暗 30

1.5对称 31

3 艺术价值 37

第四章 彭家寨吊脚楼建筑的开发与保护 32

1 提高认识 树立新观念 32

1.1保护民族文化要本着对历史的负责的原则 32

1.2有选择性的保护 33

1.3理性积极的保护 33

2 利用保护 创新促发展 34

2.1封存式保护与开发利用 34

2.2.开放式保护与设计创新 34

2.3开发文化旅游促经济发展 35

3 立法保护 建立新机制 35

结语 36

参考文献 37

致 谢 39