论文总字数：22115字

摘 要

太阳能热利用具有绿色、普遍、可持续、高效等优点，已被广泛应用于生活及工商业领域。太阳能低倍聚光集热器，如复合抛物面聚光器（Compound Parabolic Concentrator, CPC）、菲涅尔透镜（Fresnel Lens, FL）等在太阳能中低温利用领域发挥着良好的作用，开发紧凑型高效低倍聚光集热器具有重要意义。

本文将CPC与FL两种聚光器集成，提出一种跟踪式、结构紧凑的低倍聚光集热系统设计。基于SolidWorks和TracePro软件，对该集热系统进行建模和光学分析，筛选了合适的菲涅尔透镜，并考察了不同跟踪方式对系统光学性能的影响。该集热系统由6个聚光比为3的集热器模块组成，每个集热器长1500mm，两两间距700mm，使用了直径为47mm的导热管作为吸热体。在CPC顶部选取了尺寸为1500mm×350mm×2mm，焦距为350mm的菲涅尔透镜作为盖板。在固定跟踪、间歇跟踪和连续跟踪三种跟踪模式下集热系统的平均光学效率分别为68.3%、38.2%、15.4%。

通过三维制图软件SolidWorks建立了集热器模型，使用光学软件TracePro模拟出了不同F数（透镜的高宽比）的菲涅尔透镜的聚光效果，通过分析结果发现表面F数取0.8-1.2时菲涅尔透镜的聚光效率较好，聚光效率保持在0.9以上。确定了菲涅尔透镜与吸热体的最佳位置距离为320mm，在该距离上有着较理想的聚光均匀度和较高的光学效率。通过模拟对比一天中集热系统分别采取固定跟踪、间歇跟踪、连续跟踪三种跟踪模式的光学效率，结果表明：该集热器在连续跟踪模式下工作具有最佳光学性能，其最高效率可达68%，平均效率为68.3%。

关键词：CPC；菲涅尔透镜；跟踪；低倍聚光比；光学性能；集热

Study on the optical performance of the compact tracking low power concentrating collector

Abstract

Solar thermal utilization has the advantages of green, universal, sustainable and efficient, which has been widely used in the fields of life, industry and commerce. Low power solar collectors, such as composite parabolic concentrator (CPC), Fresnel lens (FL) and so on, play a good role in the field of low and medium temperature utilization of solar energy. It is of great significance to develop compact and efficient low power solar collectors.

In this paper, two kinds of concentrators, CPC and FL, are integrated, and a kind of tracking and compact low power concentrating system design is proposed. Based on SolidWorks and TracePro software, the modeling and optical analysis of the collector system are carried out, the appropriate Fresnel lens is selected, and the influence of different tracking modes on the optical performance of the system is investigated. The system consists of six collector modules with a concentration ratio of 3. Each collector is 1500mm long and 700mm apart. A 47mm diameter heat pipe is used as the heat sink. At the top of CPC, the Fresnel lens with the size of 1500mm × 350mm × 2mm and the focal length of 350mm is selected as the cover plate. The average optical efficiency of the collector is 68.3%, 38.2% and 15.4% respectively under the three tracking modes of fixed tracking, intermittent tracking and continuous tracking.

The collector model is established by SolidWorks, and the concentrating effect of Fresnel lens with different f numbers is simulated by TracePro. It is found that the concentrating efficiency of Fresnel lens is better when the surface F number is 0.8-1.2, and the concentrating efficiency is above 0.9 when the surface F number is 0.8-1.2. The optimal distance between Fresnel lens and heat sink is 320mm, which has ideal uniformity and high optical efficiency. The results show that the collector has the best optical performance in continuous tracking mode, the highest efficiency is 68%, and the average efficiency is 68.3%.

Key Words: CPC; Fresnel lens; tracking; low power spotlight ratio; optical performance; collector

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2低倍聚光式太阳能集热器 1

1.2.1菲涅尔透镜式聚光器 1

1.2.2复合抛物面聚光器 2

1.3聚光式太阳能集热器光学性能研究进展 3

1.4本文的研究内容 6

第二章 紧凑型低倍聚光集热器设计 8

2.1线性菲涅尔透镜的性能指标 8

2.1.1聚光比 8

2.1.2光学效率 9

2.1.3透镜F数 9

2.1.4光斑均匀度 9

2.2CPC的设计 10

2.3集热器的设计 11

2.4本章小结 13

第三章 FL光学性能研究 15

3.1光源模型和物理模型 15

3.2 FL光学性能研究 16

3.2.1 F数与FL聚光效率的关系 16

3.2.2接收器安装位置对光学效率的影响 17

3.2.3光线入射角度对透镜光学效率的影响 18

3.3本章小结 19

第四章 集热器光学性能研究 20

4.1集热器光学模型及模拟方法 20

4.2光学模拟及结果分析 22

4.2.1光线入射角度对集热器模块光学效率的影响 22

4.2.2集热系统全天模拟结果与分析 23

4.3本章小结 25

第五章 结论与展望 26

5.1结论 26

5.2展望 26

参考文献 27

致谢 30

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景及意义

当今，人类面临着能源短缺和环境污染问题，迫切需要开发可再生清洁能源。太阳能是一种清洁能源，以电磁波辐射的形式透过大气层进入到地球表面，由于能量密度较低，需要借助太阳能集热器将分散的太阳热辐射能集中起来产生更高密度的高品位能量，以使用到日常生活的生产应用当中。

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