论文总字数：19659字

摘 要

我国是世界上生产垃圾最多的国家，目前垃圾清运总量约60亿吨，且每年以约5%的速度增加。城市生活垃圾的处置主要是填埋、堆肥、焚烧和热解，而以热解为代表的无害化处置和资源化利用技术是其发展方向。目前主要有四种热解反应器：移动床式、回转窑式、转鼓式、流化床式，其中转鼓反应器及回转窑反应器已工程化应用，移动床反应器和流化床反应器仍处于实验阶段。然而，上述反应器仅能实现有机固废的热解过程，对于热解残渣需要特定装置分选处理后回收利用。本文提出一种有机固废热解-热分选一体化装置，采用三层回转炉结构以及双通道加热设计，实现系统连续高效运行。主要研究设计内容如下：

设计了一套新型有机固废热解-热分选一体化装置，主要由进料装置、螺旋进料绞龙、无机渣螺旋输送器、细灰渣螺旋输送器、产物收集仓组成。有机固废通过螺旋进料绞龙输送，在反应层内加热搅拌，实现充分热解；无机物形成大块无机渣，有机物反应后形成细炭灰渣，二者经落渣口进入无机渣螺旋输送层，进行残渣分选；大块无机渣在无机渣螺旋输送器作用下从无机渣出口处排出进入收集器，细灰渣在无机渣螺旋输送层中经离心力作用从筛网落入细灰渣螺旋输送层，进而在细灰渣螺旋输送器作用下进入细灰渣收集仓。通过三层回转炉结构设计，实现热解、分选同步进行。

对处理能力 300 t/d的系统进行了工艺计算，并对关键部件进行结构设计：1）热解温度450-600 ℃、压力微负压；烟气加热通道包括外层夹套和螺旋进料绞龙内层通道，烟气总加热量为1.32MJ/h；热解产物产量4.38 t/h，炭渣产物1.75 t/h。2）三层回转炉的主要结构尺寸为：反应层：长12m，内筒径1.33m，无机渣螺旋输送层：长10 m，内筒径3.02 m；细灰渣螺旋输层：长10m，内筒径3.154m；3）螺旋进料绞龙：长12 m，外轴直径1.35 m，叶片直径1.25 m，转速1 r/min；4）无机渣螺旋输送器：长10 m，外径3 m，转速1 r/min；细灰渣螺旋输送器：长10 m，外径3.15m，转速1 r/min，筛网孔径8mm。

关键词：有机固废 热解 热分选 一体化装置

Abstract

China is the country that produces the most garbage in the world. At present, the total amount of garbage cleaning and transportation is about 6 billion tons, and it increases at the rate of about 5% every year. The disposal of MSW is mainly landfill, composting, incineration, and pyrolysis, and the technology of harmless disposal and resource utilization represented by pyrolysis is its development direction. At present, there are four kinds of pyrolysis reactors: a moving bed reactor, a rotary kiln reactor, rotating drum reactor, and fluidized bed reactor. The rotating drum reactor and rotary kiln reactor have been applied in engineering, and the moving bed reactor and fluidized bed reactor are still in the experimental stage. However, the above reactor can only realize the pyrolysis process of organic solid waste, and the pyrolysis residue needs to be separated and treated by a special device and recycled. In this paper, a kind of organic solid waste pyrolysis thermal separation integrated device is proposed, which adopts a three-layer rotary furnace structure and dual-channel heating design to realize the continuous and efficient operation of the system. The main research and design contents are as follows:

A new type of organic solid waste pyrolysis thermal separation integrated device is designed, which is mainly composed of feed device, screw feed auger, inorganic slag auger, fine ash auger, and product collection bin. Organic solid waste is transported by spiral feed and the twisted dragon, heated and stirred in the reaction layer to realize full pyrolysis; inorganic matter forms large inorganic slag, and organic matter reacts to form fine carbon cinder, both of which enter into the spiral conveying layer of inorganic slag through the slag dropping mouth to carry out residue separation; large inorganic slag is discharged from the outlet of inorganic slag under the action of the spiral conveyor of inorganic slag to enter the collector, and fine cinder is discharged from the outlet of inorganic slag The inorganic slag spiral conveying layer falls into the fine ash spiral conveying layer from the screen under the centrifugal force, and then enters the fine ash collection bin under the action of the fine ash spiral conveyor. Through the structure design of the three-layer rotary furnace, the pyrolysis and separation can be carried out simultaneously.

The processing capacity of 300 t / d system is calculated, and the key components are designed. 1) The pyrolysis temperature is 450-600 ℃, the pressure is micro negative pressure, the total heating capacity of flue gas is 1.32mj/h, the output of pyrolysis products is 4.3755t/h, and the output of carbon residue is 1.75t/h. The flue gas heating channel includes an outer jacket and an inner channel of a spiral feed auger. 2) Screw feed auger: 12m long, outer shaft diameter 1.35M (diameter 1.35M), blade diameter 1.25m, rotating speed 1 R / min; 3) inorganic slag auger: 10M long, outer diameter 3 m, rotating speed 1 R / min; fine ash slag auger: 10M long, outer diameter 3.15m, rotating speed 1 R / min, mesh diameter 8mm.

Key Words: Organic solid waste; Pyrolysis; Thermal separation; Integrated device

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外有机固废热解技术现状 2

1.2.1 有机固废的热解原理 2

1.2.2 有机固废热解工艺 3

1.3 有机固废热解装备技术 6

1.3.1 固定床反应器 6

1.3.2旋转反应器 7

1.3.3 流化床反应器 8

1.4本文主要研究内容 9

第二章 新型有机固废热解-热分选一体化装置操作条件选取 10

2.1引言 10

2.2 新型有机固废热解-热分选一体化装置概念设计 10

2.3新型有机固废热解-热分选一体化装置操作条件设计选取 11

2.3.1压力 11

2.3.2温度 11

2.3.3物料热解时间 12

2.3.4有机固废物化参数 12

2.4本章小结 12

第三章 新型有机固废热解-热分选一体化装置设计 13

3.1 引言 13

3.2螺旋进料绞龙设计 13

3.3无机渣螺旋输送器设计 16

3.4细灰渣螺旋输送器设计 16

3.5传动功率 17

3.6双通道加热结构设计 18

3.7本章小节 19

第四章 结论与展望 20

4.1 结论 20

4.2 展望 20

参考文献 21

致 谢 24

第一章 绪论

1.1 课题研究背景及意义

固体废物指固体或半固体物质，已丧失或未丧失使用价值的物质，包括生活垃圾、工业垃圾和危险废物化合物等。生活垃圾成分复杂，含有大量有机以及无机固废。国家经济合作与发展组织（OECD）和国家统计局数据表明，中国近些年的生活垃圾产量每年以约5%的速度增加，而且生活垃圾清运总量在2018年已经超过了美国达到了2.28亿吨，是世界上生产垃圾最多的国家。截至目前，我国垃圾收集总量约60亿吨，相当于三分之二的城市被垃圾包围，形成了“垃圾围城”的现象。

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