摘 要

人口密度的不断增大和科学技术的日益更新，工业方面的能源消耗逐渐增大，从而产生大量的废气，而工业废气的排放必须按照国家的标准，不达标的废气就得进行焚烧处理。焚烧后产生的烟气温度一般都较高，出口烟气温度大约在850℃，直接排放会有较大的热量损失。所以工业生产中的余热回收再利用成为了不可或缺的课题。

本课题“6000标方废气焚烧炉余热锅炉设计”就是基于此背景，结合国家节能减排的政治方针，秉承科研与生产相结合的原则。主要回收焚烧炉出口烟气的余热热量。设计热管蒸发器完成余热的回收利用，从而达到国家废气排放的规定和可持续发展的目的。

设计时，废气进入焚烧炉的温度为750℃，产生的烟气在进入蒸发器内，烟气在蒸发器内从450℃降至260℃，这部分热量将饱和水蒸发成1.2MP的饱和蒸汽，烟气继续进入空预器再排放出去，以达到余热进一步的回收与利用。热管式换热器通过热管传热，传递烟气的热量到给水，提高了管壁温度，防止烟气的酸露点腐蚀，且有传热效率高，成本较低便于维护等优点。

本设计中，通过热平衡方程和已知的条件(废气流量、烟气进出口温度等)计算出传热量，选出合适规格的翅片管、热管，进行蒸发器的设计。计算出总传热系数和烟气的压力降，合理的分布翅片管、热管的排列。在满足烟气自清灰和压降等要求的情况下，设计系统总结构图和主要设备的详细图纸。热管水平放置，需要对设备间与设备内的密封结构、设备元件的维修和更换、设备壳体的承重和材料强度进行设计。

关键词：蒸发器 余热锅炉 热管

Design of Waste Heat Boiler for 6000 SCMH Exhaust Gas Incinerator

Abstract

With the increasing population density and the ever-increasing science and technology, energy and consumption in the industry was gradually increasing,the resulting in a large amount of exhaust gas,and the emission of industrial waste gas must be incinerated according to national standards.The temperature of the flue gas generated after incineration is generally high, and the outlet flue gas temperature was about 850℃,and direct discharge will have a large heat loss.Therefore,waste heat recovery and reuse in industrial production has become an indispensable issue.

Based on this background,the“6000 Standard Waste Gas Incinerator Waste Heat Boiler Design”is based on the national policy of energy conservation and emission reduction,adhering to the principle of combining scientific research with production.It mainly recovers the residual heat of the flue gas at the outlet of the incinerator.The heat pipe evaporator is designed to complete the recycling of waste heat to meet national emission standards and sustainable development

When designing,the temperature of the exhaust gas enter the incinerator is 750℃,the generated flue gas enters the evaporator,and the flue gas is reduced from 450℃ to 260℃ in the evaporator.This part of heat evaporate the saturated water to 1.2MP saturated steam.The flue gas continue to enter the air preheater and is discharge to further recycle the waste heat.The heat pipe heat exchanger transfers heat through the heat pipe,transfers the heat of the flue gas to the feed water,improves temperature of the pipe wall,avoid the acid dew point corrosion of the flue gas.Has the advantages of high heat transfer efficiency,but low cost and easy maintenance.

In this design,the heat transfer amount is calculated by the heat balance equation and the known conditions(exhaust gas flow rate,flue gas inlet with outlet temperature,etc.),and fin tubes and heat pipes of appropriate specifications are selected to design the evaporator.Calculate the total heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop of the flue gas,and reasonably distribute the arrangement of the finned tube and the heat pipe.Design the general structural drawing of the system and the detailed drawings of the main equipment in the case of meeting the requirements of flue gas self-cleaning and pressure drop.The horizontal placement of the heat pipe requires the design of the sealing structure between the equipment and the equipment,the repair and replacement of the equipment components,the bearing capacity of the equipment housing and the material strength.

Keywords: Evaporator; Waste heat boiler; Heat pipe

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1我国能源与环境的现状 1

1.2余热锅炉简介 1

1.2.1含义 1

1.2.2系统概述 1

1.3烟气余热回收系统 4

1.4烟气余热锅炉运行的问题及解决措施 5

1.4.1积灰、结垢 6

1.4.2腐蚀 7

1.4.3改进措施 7

1.5结语 7

第二章 6000标方废气焚烧炉余热锅炉设计 8

2.1课题要求 8

2.2蒸发器设计中要注意的问题 8

2.3热力计算存在的问题 8

2.4设计图纸需要注意的问题 9

第三章 蒸发器热力计算 10

3.1初始设计参数 10

3.2换热器设计 10

3.2.1燃烧计算 10

3.2.2理论燃烧温度的计算 12

3.2.3烟气放热量计算及求对数平均温差 14

3.3蒸发器设计 16

3.4校核计算 21

3.5图纸设计 24

第四章 总结与展望 25

4.1总结 25

4.2展望 25

参考文献 26

致谢 28

第一章 绪 论

1.1我国能源与环境的现状

生态环境部门的建立,表明我们的环保局势已经不容乐观。生态环境的维护工作也有很大的压力。因而,节能减排已经成为各工业企业的目的^[1]。

资源的大量消耗，虽然让我们的经济发展了起来，但也造成了大量的工业烟气排放，导致环境状态越来越不好。如何在高效地回收烟气的热能并去除烟气中的粉尘,这就能够运用余热回收再利用的技术，制定余热锅炉合理的设计方案，同时余热锅炉的利用对节能减排也有重要帮助^[2]。