论文总字数：20484字

摘 要

热管是一种人类发明的更好的传热的元件，它具有非常良好的传热能力。热管通常是一个很小的截面积的管子，但它能够快速远距离传导热量，主要利用管子内部汽-水相互相变导热能力强的原理来实现。热管元件拥有其他传热元件所不具备的优点：很高的导热性及优良的等温性，体积小，环境适应性，热二极管与热开关性能，恒温特性等。许多研究者在热管制做材料上，希望使用价格便宜、而且比较容易获取的材料去代替价格高、获取比较困难的铜和不锈钢，来进一步降低热管的制造成本，增加热管的经济效益。因此，碳钢-水热管就在工业热管中得到了广泛的应用。本课题所做的就是针对环保要求研制新型环保型碳钢除锈剂。

研制环保型碳钢除锈剂主要针对酸洗的缺点：过酸洗，氢脆、酸雾、废酸等问题进行改良，以达到高效除锈和环境友好的目的。

研制新型环保型碳钢除锈剂，选用20碳钢为研究对象，针对环保要求，选用柠檬酸和植酸混合的有机酸去替代传统的以盐酸、硫酸为主的无机酸，同时更改相关缓蚀剂，表面活性剂等添加剂成分，防止像传统除锈剂一样有太多威胁环境的添加剂，不符合环保要求。同时要考虑废液，是否容易处理和排放。

最后，本课题对环保型碳钢除锈剂进行一系列的研究与制备，包括成分的研究与制备，除锈效果的实验，废液的研究与处理。

关键词：碳钢 20碳钢 有机酸 除锈剂 除锈效果

Study on the rust remover of environmentally friendly heat pipe

Abstract

The heat pipe is a better heat transfer element invented by humans.It has very good heat transfer ability. The heat pipe is usually a small truncated area pipe, but it can transmit heat quickly and remotely, mainly using the principle that the steam and water phases inside the pipe have strong thermal conductivity. The heat pipe element has the advantages that other heat transfer elements do not have: high thermal conductivity and excellent isotherm, small size, environmental adaptability, thermal diode and thermal switch performance, and constant temperature characteristics. Many researchers hope to use cheap and easily available materials for heat control materials instead of expensive and difficult copper and stainless steel to further reduce the manufacturing costs of heat pipes and increase the economic benefits of heat pipes Therefore, carbon steel-water heat pipe has been widely used in industrial heat pipe. This paper is to develop a new type of green carbon steel rust remover for environmental protection requirements.

The development of green carbon steel rust remover is mainly aimed at the disadvantages of acid washing: over-acid washing, hydrogen embrittlement, acid fog, waste acid and other problems to improve, in order to achieve efficient rust removal and environmentally friendly purposes.

A new type of green carbon steel rust remover was developed, and 20 carbon steel was selected as the research object. In response to environmental protection requirements, a mixture of citric acid and phytic acid was used to replace traditional inorganic acids dominated by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and related corrosion inhibitors were changed. Surfactants and other additive ingredients, To prevent the same as the traditional anti-rust agent, there are too many additives that threaten the environment and do not meet the requirements of environmental protection. At the same time, consider whether the waste liquid is easy to treat and discharge.

Finally, a series of research and preparation of green carbon steel rust remover are carried out in this paper, including the research and preparation of components, the experiment of rust removal effect, and the research and treatment of waste liquid.

Key words: Carbon steel；20 carbon steel；Organic acid；Rust Remover；Rust removal effect.

目录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 课题的研究背景和目的 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3 20碳钢介绍 3

1.3.1 20碳钢的定义 3

1.3.2 20碳钢的生锈 3

1.4除锈剂 4

1.4.1除锈剂的作用 4

1.4.2除锈剂的组成和作用 4

1.5传统除锈剂 5

1.5.1 传统除锈剂的除锈原理 5

1.5.2 传统除锈剂组分 5

1.5.3 传统除锈剂的缺点 6

1.5.4 传统除锈剂的改进 7

第二章 环保型碳钢除锈剂 9

2.1 环保型20碳钢除锈剂 9

2.2环保型20碳钢除锈剂除锈原理 10

2.3环保型20碳钢除锈剂组成成分 10

第三章 环保型20碳钢除锈剂的实验 12

3.1环保型20碳钢除锈剂的组成成分 12

表 3-1组成成分及初始投放量 12

3.2环保型20碳钢除锈剂实验 12

3.2.1实验准备 12

3.2.2实验方法 13

3.2.3实验目标 15

3.2.4实验数据和分析 15

3.2.5实验结论 21

3.2.6实验后续 21

3.3结论 22

第四章 总结 24

参考文献 25

致 谢 27

第一章 绪论

1.1 课题的研究背景和目的

热管是人们设计出的一种传热元件，它具有非常良好的传热能力。热管通常是一个很小的截面积的管子，但它能够快速远距离传导热量，主要利用管子内部汽-水相互相变导热能力强的原理来实现。热管元件拥有其他传热元件所不具备的优点：很高的导热性及优良的等温性，体积小，环境适应性，热二极管与热开关性能，恒温特性等^[1]。同时许多的研究者在生产制造热管问题上，希望使用价格低廉、容易获取的碳钢来代替价格高昂、市场供量较少的铜和不锈钢，来降低热管制造成本，提高热管的经济效益^[2]。因此，碳钢-水热管就在工业热管中得到了广泛的应用。

碳钢容易氧化生锈，因为他不是纯钢，他生锈的多少主要取决于他所处环境的干湿度，如果存放的环境比较干燥，则生锈会比较少，如果存放的环境湿度比较高，则生锈就会比较严重。

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