论文总字数：20975字

摘 要

人类社会的生产活动极度依赖化石能源，由此带来的能源危机和环境污染成为了不可忽视的问题，使用绿色能源越来越被社会所提倡。太阳能无污染、分布广泛，开发太阳能可以满足人类文明可持续发展的需要。

小规模的光伏发电系统造价低、工程量小，但是不适合并入电网发电，因为容易对电网整体的安全稳定运行产生负面影响。所以，在光伏发电系统设计中，规模较小的系统一般采用离网发电的运行模式，在这方面有很多学者关注并进行相关研究。

本文梳理总结了近年来光伏发电产业发展情况；整理概述了光伏发电系统中运用到的技术原理；演示了离网型光伏发电系统设计计算和设备选用的一般步骤。文中设计了一套离网型光伏发电系统，该系统按照南京地理环境参数设计，容量为20kW。最后文中还提出了两点关于系统升级改造的建议，一是采用集散型逆变器方案，二是采用一种新型的太阳追踪系统。

关键词：太阳能 离网光伏发电 发电系统的设计

Design of 20kW solar photovoltaic power generation off-grid system

Abstract

The production activities of human society rely heavily on fossil energy, resulting in energy crisis and environmental pollution, which can not be ignored. The use of green energy is increasingly advocated by the society. Solar energy is pollution-free and widely distributed. The development of solar energy can meet the needs of sustainable development of human civilization.

The small-scale photovoltaic power generation system has low cost and small quantities, but it is not suitable to be incorporated into the grid for power generation, because it is easy to have a negative impact on the overall safe and stable operation of the grid. Therefore, in the design of photovoltaic power generation system, the operation mode of off grid power generation is generally adopted for the small-scale system.

This paper summarizes the development of photovoltaic power generation industry in recent years, summarizes the technical principles used in photovoltaic power generation system, and demonstrates the general steps of off grid photovoltaic power generation system design calculation and equipment selection. A set of off grid photovoltaic power generation system is designed in this paper. The system is designed according to the geographical environment parameters of Nanjing, with a capacity of 20kW. In the end, two suggestions for system upgrading are put forward, one is to use distributed inverter, the other is to use a new type of solar tracking system.

Key Words: solar energy; off grid photovoltaic power generation; design of power generation system

目 录

摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………I

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

第一章绪论……………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 太阳能开发背景及意义…………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1 能源危机和环境问题………………………………………………………………1

1.1.2 光伏发电的优势……………………………………………………………………1

1.2 太阳能光伏发电国内外发展状况………………………………………………………2

1.2.1 国外光伏发电发展现状……………………………………………………………2

1.2.2 国内光伏发电发展现状……………………………………………………………3

1.3 本课题所做主要工作……………………………………………………………………3

第二章光伏发电系统技术原理概述……………………………………………………4

2.1 光伏发电系统的分类及结构……………………………………………………………4

2.1.1 离网光伏发电系统…………………………………………………………………4

2.1.2 并网光伏发电系统…………………………………………………………………5

2.1.3 分布式光伏发电系统………………………………………………………………6

2.2 离网光伏发电系统主要部件及特性……………………………………………………7

2.2.1 太阳能电池类型和工作原理………………………………………………………7

2.2.2 光伏系统控制器……………………………………………………………………9

2.2.3 蓄电池………………………………………………………………………………9

2.2.4 逆变器工作原理……………………………………………………………………11

第三章 20kW太阳能光伏离网发电系统设计…………………………………………12

3.1系统总体设计方案………………………………………………………………………12

3.1.1 系统总体设计要求………………………………………………………………12

3.1.2 系统总体设计方案………………………………………………………………12

3.2 相关参数计算及设备选型……………………………………………………………13

3.2.1 太阳能电池方阵设计……………………………………………………………13

3.2.2 蓄电池组设计……………………………………………………………………18

3.2.3 光伏发电系统控制器……………………………………………………………20

3.2.4 光伏离网发电系统逆变器………………………………………………………21

3.2.5 防雷汇流箱和交流配电柜………………………………………………………22

3.3 项目收益分析…………………………………………………………………………23

第四章系统拓展改进方案…………………………………………………………………25

4.1 太阳能追踪系统………………………………………………………………………25

4.2 集散式逆变器…………………………………………………………………………25

第五章总结……………………………………………………………………………………27

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………28

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………30

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