论文总字数：19164字

摘 要

热交换器是将热对流和热传导应用的工业生产中的具体实例,被广泛应用于工业生产过程中。经济的高速发展消耗了大量的燃煤，石油，天然气等化石能源，这促使人们把能源再次利用推到一个新的高度，在能源利用率较低的情况下，能够提高换热效率，充分利用能源的换热设备就很有必要。所以，换热器的应用可以说无处不在，它不仅是一种被广泛使用的工业设备，也是许多工业产品的关键部件，因此，换热器在某些工业生产部门中占有很重要的地位。

换热器可以按照其各自的特征来加以区分。其中，应用的最为普遍、研究得最多的当推管壳式换热器。本课题所设计的螺纹管式换热器就是一种特殊的管壳式热交换器，它完全打破了传统的管壳式换热器的设计思路。此外，使用螺纹管不仅仅是为了增加传热面积从而强化传热效果，而且相对于光管来说，螺纹管不容易结垢。而且螺纹管的管外因而使操作周期成倍增加。

本设计的内容为设计一台蒸汽-水螺纹管换热器。经过查阅有关管壳式换热器和螺纹管换热器设计、工程应用的文献资料，依据GB151等多个设计标准，运用大学期间系统学习过的传热学、流体力学、换热器原理等知识设计了螺纹管式换热器。其中计算分为热力计算与结构计算两大部分。

经过设计计算，换热器的主要结构参数如下：管程流体是冷流体水，壳程流体是热流体蒸汽。换热器采用双管程排布，换热管为螺纹管，壳体内径1300mm，壳体厚度12mm，选择换热器壳体材料为 Q235-A。此换热器的传热面积比、管程压降和壳程压降均在允许的压降范围内。计算完成后，绘制换热器结构图，折合6张A1图纸。

关键词：螺纹管换热器 管壳式换热器 汽-水换热器 设计计算

Design of Threaded Tube Steam-Water Heat Exchanger

Abstract

The use of heat exchangers in industrial engineering production is extremely common, and is a specific example of industrial production that applies heat convection and heat conduction. The rapid development of the economy consumes a lot of fossil energy like coal, oil, natural gas, which prompts people to push energy reuse to a new level. In the case of low energy utilization, it can recover waste heat and waste heat, especially low the design and manufacture of heat exchange equipment of grade thermal energy is extremely important. Therefore, the application of heat exchangers can be said to be everywhere. It is a widely used industrial equipment and a important part of many industrial products. Therefore, heat exchangers have a very vital status in certain industrial institute.

Heat exchangers can be distinguished according to their respective characteristics. Among them, the most commonly used and most studied is when pushing the shell and tube heat exchanger. The threaded tube heat exchanger designed in this subject is a new type heat exchanger, which completely breaks the design ideas of traditional shell and tube heat exchangers. The use of threaded tubes can strengthen the shell side heat transfer process In order to improve the overall heat transfer effect, for the shell-side medium that is prone to fouling, when the threaded tube is used, the fouling speed is significantly reduced, so the operating cycle is doubled.

The content of this design is to design a steam-water threaded tubes heat exchanger. After consulting the literature on the design and engineering applications of shell and tube heat exchangers and threaded tube heat exchangers, based on multiple design standards such as GB151, using the heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and heat exchanger principles systematically learned during college Knowledge design of threaded tube heat exchanger. The calculation is divided into thermal calculation and structural calculation.

After design and calculation, the main structural parameters of the heat exchanger are as follows: the tube side fluid is cold fluid water, and the shell side fluid is hot fluid vapor. The heat exchanger is arranged in a double tube pass, the heat exchange tube is a threaded tube, the inner diameter of the shell is 1300mm, and the thickness of the shell is 12mm. The material of the heat exchanger shell is Q235-A. The heat transfer area ratio, tube-side pressure drop and shell-side pressure drop of this heat exchanger are within the allowable pressure drop range. After the calculation is completed, draw the heat exchanger structure diagram which is fold into 6 A1 drawings.

Key Words: Threaded tube heat exchanger; Shell and tube heat exchanger; Steam-water heat exchanger; Design and calculation

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2螺纹管换热器的研究现状及成果 1

1.2.1国内螺纹管换热器的研究现状及成果 1

1.2.2国外螺纹管换热器的研究成果 2

1.3换热器的设计基本要求与内容 2

第二章 换热器热力计算 4

2.1原始数据 4

2.2定性温度 4

2.3其他数据计算 4

2.4工艺参数 5

2.5流程安排 5

2.6各段传热量和平均温差计算 5

2.7传热面积估算 5

第三章 换热器结构计算 7

3.1换热管规格和管程流速 7

3.2管程数和传热管数 7

3.3管束相关参数 8

3.4管程计算 9

3.5壳程结构及壳程计算 10

3.5.1折流板部分 10

3.5.2壳程流通部分计算 10

3.5.3壳侧换热系数计算 11

3.6传热面积校核 13

第四章 换热器阻力计算 14

第五章 换热器结构设计 16

5.1壳体 16

5.1.1壳体材料 16

5.1.2壳体直径 16

5.1.3接管位置 16

5.2管箱 17

5.3封头 17

5.4法兰与管板 17

5.5分程隔板 18

5.6折流板 19

5.7拉杆与定距管 19

5.8换热管 20

5.9支座 21

结论 22

参考文献 23

致谢 25

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景与意义

螺纹管式换热器是一种新型换热设备^[1]。相对于普通管壳式换热器来说，螺纹管的抗垢性优于光管^[2]。螺纹管式换热器具有更高效的换热性能，尤其在汽-水换热领域表现极佳^[3]，所以自问世以来被广泛地应用到热门的生产生活当中，比如暖通供热领域。此外，螺纹管换热器在深冷设备的研究的方面也有，被应用于化工和医药等领域^[4]。

在换热器的经济效益方面，假设一台普通的管壳式换热器（φ700)传热面积为135m²。若采用螺纹管换热器将会比普通管壳式换热器多交换472.2-805.6kW的热量。按每台换热设备多换热583.3kW计算，每年可节约燃油400t以上，合人民币16.4×10⁴元。而螺纹管换热器的单台设备成本只比普通的多7000-8000元^[5]。所以从经济效益这一方面来看，螺纹管换热器的优势是十分明显的。

1.2螺纹管换热器的研究现状及成果

1.2.1国内螺纹管换热器的研究现状及成果

国内对螺纹管换热器的研究可以追溯到上世纪70年代，我国多所科研单位和高等院校对螺纹管换热器进行了大量的计算与研究，取得了许多具有科研价值的成果^[6]。下面我将介绍几种比较有代表性的几项研究成果。

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