论文总字数：29163字

摘 要

自从空调普及后，人们的生活与空调密切联系起来。酒店等建筑应用的最广泛的是半集中式中央空调，由于半集中式中央空调的送风方式是纯新风送风，没法通过回风的方式对排风能量进行回收。半集中式中央空调具有能耗高的特点，不符合节能减排的要求，需要解决其能耗高的问题。查找相关资料发现，中央空调耗能高，主要是由冷源系统耗能高造成的。因此，降低半集中式中央空调能耗的方法，主要集中于降低冷源系统的耗能，很少涉及到对排风能量的回收。冷源系统经过不断更新换代，通过降低冷源系统的能耗来提高半集中式中央空调系统工作效率的空间已经变得很小，技术难度很大。然而，由于缺乏学者投入到对排风的能量进行回收，通过回收排风能量来降低空调能耗的空间十分巨大。通过回收排风的能量来降低半集中式中央空调的耗能的方法，是一个很有发展前景的方向。本文通过建立翅片管换热器理论模型，在没有回风的前提下，对排风进行冷热量量回收，并研究影响系统回收性能的因素。首先介绍系统原理，进行热平衡校核、传热计算及阻力校核，从而确定系统结构参数。其次，分析载冷剂温差波动对系统能量回收性能的影响，发现载冷剂温差波动对系统性能的影响很大；最后，分析风量及室外环境的影响。研究结果表明，风量及室外温度对性能的影响比较大，室外相对湿度对冬季工况没有影响但对夏季工况有一定的影响。本系统有效回收了排风的能量，明显降低了空调的能耗，达到了节能减排的目的。说明通过回收排风的能量来降低半集中式中央空调的能耗可行，而且发展空间十分巨大。

关键词：半集中式中央空调，新风，翅片管换热器，能量回收

Performance analysis of multistage fresh air regenerator in air conditioning

Abstract

Since the popularity of air conditioning, people’s life is closely linked with air conditioning. The semi centralized central air conditioning is the most widely used in building such as hotel. Because the pure fresh air is used in the semi centralized central air conditioning, it is not able to recover the energy by the way of return air. The semi centralized central air conditioning has the characteristics of high consuming energy, and the request of saving energy and reducing emission isn’t satisfied with its characteristics, so the problem of high consuming energy will be solved. The high consuming energy of the central air conditioning mainly caused by the high consuming energy of the cold source system is found. Therefore, the pattern of reducing the consuming energy of the semi centralized central air conditioning mainly concentrates on reducing the consuming energy of the cold source system, and recovering the energy exhausted by air is hardly researched by the most researchers. It’s very difficult to improve the working efficiency of the semi centralized central air conditioning system by reducing the consuming energy of the cold source system since always upgrade the cold source system. However, there is a huge space to reduce the consuming energy of the air conditioning by recovering the energy of exhaust air, for recovering the energy of exhaust air is researched by few scholars. To reduce the consuming energy of the semi centralized central air conditioning by recovering the energy of exhaust air is an effective way. The theoretical pattern of heat exchanger used fin and tube is established in this paper. The heat and cold energy of exhaust air is recovered without returning air, and the factors of affecting the recovery efficiency of the system is studied. Firstly, the theory of the system, checking the heat balance, calculating the heat delivered and checking the resistance is introduced, so as the structural parameters of the system is acquired. Secondly, the influence of carrier temperature fluctuation on the energy recovery performance of the system is analyzed. Finally, the influence of air flowing volume and outdoor environment is analyzed. The air flowing volume and outdoor temperature have a great influence on the efficiency, and the outdoor relative humidity has no influence on the winter condition but has a certain influence on the summer condition. The energy of exhaust air is effectively recovered by system, and obviously reduces the energy of air conditioning consumed, and the purpose of saving energy and reducing emission is attained. Reducing the energy consumed by the semi centralized central air conditioning by recovering the energy of exhaust air is a good way, which development space is huge.

Keywords: Semi centralized central air conditioning, Fresh air, Finned tube heat exchanger, Energy recovery

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 1

1.3本文主要研究内容 3

1.3.1本课题需要解决的问题 3

1.3.2拟采用的研究方法 3

1.3.3选取换热器 4

1.3.4技术路线 4

第二章 空调多级回热器系统介绍 5

2.1系统原理 5

2.2设计计算流程 6

2.3系统物理模型 7

2.3.1设计初始条件 7

2.3.2热平衡校核 7

2.3.3传热校核 8

2.3.4阻力校核 10

2.3.5换热结构及设计工况说明 11

第三章 载冷剂温差波动对性能的影响 15

3.1冬季工况 15

3.2夏季工况 17

第四章 变工况性能分析 19

4.1冬季工况 19

4.1.1风量对系统性能的影响 19

4.1.2室外温度对系统性能的影响 21

4.1.3室外相对湿度对系统性能的影响 23

4.2夏季工况 25

4.2.1风量对系统性能的影响 25

4.2.2室外温度对系统性能的影响 25

4.2.3室外相对湿度对系统性能的影响 27

第五章 结论 30

参考文献 32

致谢 34

第一章 绪论

1.1课题研究背景及意义

自从美国科学家开利造出了第一台空调^[1]，人们的生活与空调紧密联系起来，享受空调带来的舒适环境，但同时造成生活电器的能耗快速增长的问题，导致生活用电大幅增加，增加了供电压力。现有中央空调较少利用新风，因此能耗较高^[2]。能源与经济有着密不分的关系，能源是经济增长的动力，经济发展离不开能源的支持。但能源消耗过大，不利于经济的持续发展，而且创造的经济效益不高，其中空调耗能在建筑耗能中占的比例最大^[3]，降低空调能耗对于节省建筑运营成本显得相当重要。国家中央空调报告，介绍了中央空调近几年的发展形势，结合中央空调的发展历程，对中央空调未来的发展方向进行了预判^[4]。美国的科研单位研究了如何降低大型超市中央空调能耗的方法，并且达到了一定的节能效果，一定程度上降低了超市的运营成本^[5]。冷源、输入及末端三部分组成了完整的中央空调系统，冷源部分耗能高是导致中央空调耗能高的最主要原因，但是缺少其中任何一个环节，中央空调系统都不可能正常工作^[6]。中央空调经过不断更新换代及结构优化，通过优化冷源系统来降低能耗的空间被不断压缩，技术发展已经到了瓶颈。

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