挖掘机驾驶室车门振动性能分析及优化毕业论文
2021-10-18 22:25:17
摘 要
挖掘机是工程中广泛应用的工程机械,其NVH(Noise、Vibrationamp;Harshness)性能不仅影响挖掘机零部件的使用寿命,而且会影响工作人员的身心健康。挖掘机NVH性能的优劣直接影响产品的竞争力。车门作为挖掘机驾驶室的重要组成部分,其结构对挖掘机驾驶室NVH性能有重要影响。因此,研究挖掘机驾驶室车门的振动特性并对其进行优化具有重要意义。本文主要研究内容如下:
首先,建立某款挖掘机车门的有限元模型。将车门的三维模型导入HyperMesh中进行几何清理、网格划分、质量检查、材料属性的定义与连接关系的创建,从而得到车门的有限元模型,对车门的有限元模型进行静力学分析,校核其垂直刚度。
其次,对挖掘机车门建立NVH模型。对车门进行模态分析与频率响应分析。通过模态分析得到挖掘机车门前6阶固有频率,将其与各激励源频率以及白车身前6阶固有频率进行对比,分析是否可能出现共振现象。通过频率响应分析得到车门上下铰链处、车锁处以及车窗中心处在不同激振频率时的振动加速度响应,确定车门各关键位置处振动敏感频率,同时可与后续优化后的车门进行对比,确认优化效果。
最后对车门进行单目标形貌优化与基于折衷规划法的多目标形貌优化。对两种方法优化后的挖掘机驾驶室车门进行动态性能分析。分析优化后的车门前6阶固有频率是否避开各激振源频率和白车身前6阶固有频率,同时对比上述位置点的振动加速度频率响应情况。将两种优化方法的分析结果进行对比,最终选择基于折衷规划法的多目标优化方案完成对挖掘机驾驶室车门的优化。
关键词:车门;有限元;模态分析;频响分析;形貌优化
Abstract
Excavator is a widely used construction machinery in engineering. Its NVH (Noise, Vibration amp; Harshness) performance not only affects the service life of excavator parts, but also affects the physical and mental health of workers. The performance of NVH performance of excavators directly affects the competitiveness of products. The door is an important part of the excavator cab, and its structure has an important impact on the NVH performance of the excavator cab. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the vibration characteristics of the excavator cab door and optimize it. The main research contents of this article are as follows:
First, establish a finite element model of a certain excavator door. Import the three-dimensional model of the door into HyperMesh for geometric cleaning, meshing, quality inspection, definition of material properties and the creation of connection relationships, so as to obtain the finite element model of the door. Perform static analysis and verification on the finite element model of the door Its vertical stiffness.
Secondly, establish an NVH model for the excavator door. Carry out modal analysis and frequency response analysis of the door. The sixth-order natural frequency in front of the excavator door is obtained through modal analysis, and compared with the excitation source frequency and the first-order natural frequency in the body-in-white to analyze whether resonance may occur. Through frequency response analysis, the vibration acceleration response of the door at the upper and lower hinges, the lock and the center of the window at different excitation frequencies is determined, and the vibration-sensitive frequency at each key position of the door is determined. At the same time, it can be compared with the subsequent optimized door. Confirm the optimization effect.
Finally, the single-door Topography optimization of the vehicle door and the multi-objective Topography optimization based on the compromise programming method are carried out. The modal analysis and frequency response analysis of the excavator cab door optimized by the two methods are carried out respectively. Analyze whether the optimized sixth-order natural frequency in front of the door avoids the frequency of each excitation source and the first-order natural frequency of the body-in-white, and compares the vibration acceleration frequency response of the above position points. Comparing the analysis results of the two optimization methods, the multi-objective optimization scheme based on the compromise programming method is finally selected to complete the optimization of the excavator cab door.
Keywords:Vehicle door; Finite element; Modal analysis; Frequency response analysis; Topography optimization
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 2
1.2.1 国内研究现状 2
1.2.2 国外研究现状 3
1.3 研究内容与技术路线 4
1.3.1 本文研究的主要内容 4
1.3.2 技术路线 5
第2章 挖掘机驾驶室车门有限元离散模型的建立 6
2.1 有限元单元的基础理论 6
2.2 车门有限元网格模型的建立 6
2.2.1 模型几何清理 7
2.2.2 网格划分 8
2.2.3 网格质量检查 8
2.2.4 材料及属性定义 9
2.2.5 连接关系的创建 10
2.3 车门有限元静力学计算 11
2.4 本章小结 12
第3章 挖掘机驾驶室车门NVH性能分析 13
3.1 模态分析理论 13
3.2 频率响应分析理论 14
3.3 车门模态分析 15
3.4 车门频率响应分析 17
3.5 本章小结 19
第4章 挖掘机驾驶室车门NVH性能优化 21
4.1 NVH性能优化理论 21
4.1.1 优化设计概述 21
4.1.2 形貌优化数学模型 21
4.1.3 多目标优化理论——折衷规划法 22
4.2 单目标形貌优化研究 22
4.2.1 单目标形貌优化过程 22
4.2.2 单目标形貌优化结果分析 23
4.3 基于折衷规划法的多目标形貌优化研究 25
4.3.1 多目标形貌优化过程 25
4.3.2 多目标形貌优化结果分析 27
4.4 本章小结 30
第5章 总结与展望 32
5.1 总结 32
5.2 展望 32
参考文献 33
致谢 35
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究背景与意义
随着车辆行业的飞速发展,各种车辆已经融入到了人们生活的方方面面,人们也对车辆的整体性能提出了更高的要求。其中,由于车辆的NVH性能直接影响驾乘人员的乘坐舒适性的感受,所以其成为了人们着重关注的关键性能之一。挖掘机作为工程中广泛应用的工程机械,其NVH问题更加突出。首先,挖掘机的噪声振动问题会降低驾驶室内的各种仪器的使用寿命,从而造成经济方面的损失。其次,挖掘机驾驶室的噪声振动问题对人的心理和生理方面都会产生极大的影响。比如会造成驾驶员感到焦躁、烦闷、压抑等心理方面的问题以及会损害人的听力、神经系统以及内分泌系统,造成驾驶员生理方面的问题。从而会影响驾驶员健康以及驾驶员的工作效率与作业能力。同时,还有可能造成安全问题,对工程作业安全造成严重的威胁[1]。因此,提升挖掘机NVH性能具有重要的积极作用。