摘 要

为了应对汽车尾气排放造成的大气污染问题，我国自2001年起开始实施轻型汽车污染物排放标准，在这之后排放标准又不断更新升级，最新的国六标准将分成两个阶段分别于2020年和2023开始在全国范围内实施。为了满足更加严格的排放法规，国内外的各大汽车生产企业和科研单位都在致力于发动机和整车排放控制技术升级的研究。因此，对面向国六标准的轻型车排放控制技术路线的分析研究具有重要的理论意义及应用价值。

本文基于国内外有关排放控制技术的研究成果和企业调研数据，对于柴油机与汽油机的减排技术路线从前处理技术、机内净化技术和排气后处理技术三个方面作出了分析，并阐述了不同技术手段的基本原理和优缺点；针对排气后处理技术中常用的两种后处理装置柴油机颗粒捕集器（DPF）和汽油机颗粒捕集器（GPF），利用GT-Power软件建立了其一维性能仿真模型。阐述了GT-Power软件建模的理论基础和基本方程，并对建模过程的边界条件设置和结构参数设置进行了详细说明；在改变单一结构参数的数值、控制其它变量的条件下通过仿真计算得到了总捕集效率、压降、过滤体内颗粒物质量和孔道内碳烟层厚度等性能指标随颗粒捕集器工作时间的变化曲线；对两种颗粒捕集器的仿真计算结果进行分析，根据各结构参数取值对两种颗粒捕集器工作性能指标的影响，分析了仿真条件下各结构参数的最佳取值范围，从而对其进行了优化。

关键词：国六标准，排放控制，颗粒捕集器，性能仿真

Abstract

In order to cope with the air pollution caused by automobile exhaust, China began to implement the emission standards of light vehicle pollutants since 2001. After that, the emission standards have been constantly updated and upgraded. The latest Sixth National Standard will be divided into two stages, which will be implemented nationwide in 2020 and 2023, respectively. In order to meet stricter emission regulations, domestic and foreign automobile manufacturers and research institutes are devoting themselves to the research of engine and vehicle emission control technology upgrading. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and application value to analyze the technical route of emission control for light vehicles facing the Sixth National Standard.

Based on the research results of emission control technology and enterprise investigation data at home and abroad, this paper mainly analyses the technical routes of diesel engine and gasoline engine emission control from three aspects: pre-treatment technology, In-engine purification technology and exhaust post-treatment technology, and expounds the basic principles and advantages and disadvantages of different technical means. One-dimensional performance simulation models of diesel particulate filter(DPF) and gasoline particulate filter (GPF) are established by using GT-Power software, which are commonly used in exhaust aftertreatment technology. The theoretical basis and basic equations of GT-Power software modeling are expounded, and the boundary conditions and structural parameters of the modeling process are described in detail. Under the condition of changing the numerical value of single structure parameter and controlling other variables, the curves of total collection efficiency, pressure drop, particulate matter quality in the filter body and soot layer thickness in the channel with the working time of the particle trap were obtained by simulation calculation. The simulation results of the two kinds of particle traps are analyzed. According to the influence of the structural parameters on the performance indexes of the two kinds of particle traps, the optimum range of the structural parameters under the simulation conditions is analyzed and optimized.

Key words: Sixth National Standard, Emission Control, Particulate Filter, Performance Simulation

目 录

摘 要 II

Abstract III

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.3软件介绍 5

1.3.1 GT-Power软件简介 5

1.3.2 GT-Power的数据库及模块介绍 6

1.4本文主要研究内容 7

第2章 排放控制技术路线 8

2.1柴油机排放控制技术 8

2.1.1前处理技术 8

2.1.2机内净化技术 9

2.1.3排气后处理技术 12

2.2汽油机排放控制技术 17

2.2.1前处理技术 17

2.2.2机内净化技术 18

2.2.3排气后处理技术 20

第3章 柴油机及汽油机颗粒捕集器性能仿真模型的建立 21

3.1 GT-Power基本流动方程 22

3.2柴油机颗粒捕集器一维仿真模型的建立 23

3.2.1 DPF仿真系统一维模型主体结构的建立 23

3.2.2仿真系统各部件参数的设置 24

3.3汽油机颗粒捕集器一维仿真模型的建立 28

3.3.1 GPF仿真系统一维模型主体结构的建立 28

3.3.2各项参数的设置 29

第4章 柴油机及汽油机颗粒捕集器仿真结果分析和优化 33

4.1柴油机颗粒捕集器仿真结果分析和优化 33

4.1.1过滤体微孔直径对DPF性能的影响 33

4.1.2过滤体孔隙率对DPF性能的影响 36

4.1.3过滤体直径对DPF性能的影响 38

4.1.4孔道长度对DPF性能的影响 40

4.1.5过滤壁厚度对DPF性能的影响 43

4.1.6进气孔道密度对DPF性能的影响 45

4.2汽油机颗粒捕集器仿真结果分析和优化 48

4.2.1过滤体微孔直径对GPF性能的影响 48

4.2.2进气孔道密度对GPF性能的影响 51

4.2.3过滤壁厚度对GPF性能的影响 53

4.2.4过滤体孔隙率对GPF性能的影响 55

4.3小结 58

第 5 章 结论及展望 59

5.1结论 59

5.2展望 60

参考文献 61

致 谢 64