某地铁防排烟系统设计毕业论文
2022-01-06 21:54:46
论文总字数:26947字
摘 要
本设计对象为某地铁站,上层为站厅层,下层为站台层,地铁站台为标准的岛式站台。
本设计主要围绕此地铁站台层和站厅层防排烟系统展开,旨在分析、巩固消防工程专业知识及了解防、排烟工程多种设计适用方案和设计流程。
本文首先阐述地铁建筑特点,引出地铁火灾特性,根据地铁技术规范中防排烟设置的一般规定,对地铁通风排烟系统进行了以下设计:
将该地铁划分为8个防火分区,最大不超过2500m2,除车站轨行区外划分15个防烟分区,最大不超过750 m2;防烟分区排烟量根据防烟分区面积计算,单个防烟分区排烟量大致在17000-52000m3/h之间;设置排烟口时需考虑与墙的距离并计算单个排烟口的最大排烟量,排烟系统排烟量按两个相邻的防烟分区排烟量之合的最大值设计;对5根排烟管道进行水力计算后总阻力分别为137.29Pa、175.23Pa、273.41Pa、179.28Pa、333.88Pa;整个系统设置了三个风机,其排烟量和功率分别为82265m3/h与15kW、82265m3/h与15kW、120233 m3/h与30kW,选定的型号为高温消防排烟风机HTF(A)-Ⅰ(Ⅱ)型,No.15或No.16。车站轨行区设计48个排烟口分担站台区前中后部排烟量,风机选定型号同为HTF(A)-Ⅰ(Ⅱ)型。
本设计是对前人经验的总结,地铁火灾不容小觑,做好地铁防排烟工作任重道远。
关键词:地铁 通风排烟系统 机械排烟 高温消防排烟风机
Design of smoke control system in a subway station
Abstract
This design object is a subway station, the upper floor is the station hall floor, the lower floor is the platform floor, and the subway platform is the standard island platform.
This design mainly revolves around the smoke prevention and exhaust system on the platform and hall floors of this subway station. It is designed to analyze and consolidate fire engineering expertise and understand various design applicable schemes and design processes of fire prevention and smoke extraction projects
This article first describes the characteristics of subway buildings, draws out the characteristics of subway fires, and according to the general provisions of the smoke prevention and smoke exhaust settings in the subway technical specifications, the following design of the subway ventilation and smoke exhaust system:
Divide the subway into 8 fire partition area with a maximum of no more than 2500m2, and divide the 15 smoke control zone with a maximum of no more than 750 m2,except for the railway area of the station;The smoke emission of the smoke prevention zone is calculated according to the area of the smoke prevention zone.The smoke emission of a single smoke prevention zone is roughly between 17000-52000m3/h;When setting the smoke exhaust port, the distance from the wall should be considered and the maximum smoke output of a single smoke exhaust port should be calculated. The smoke output of the smoke exhaust system is designed according to the maximum value of the smoke output of the two adjacent smoke prevention zones;After hydraulic calculation of the five smoke exhaust pipes, the total resistance is 137.29Pa, 175.23Pa, 273.41Pa, 179.28Pa, 333.88Pa; The whole system is equipped with three fans, the smoke exhaust amount and power are 82265m3/h and 15kW,82265m3/h and 15kW ,120233 m3/h and 30kW respectively, the selected model is fire high temperature smoke exhaust fan HTF(A)-Ⅰ(Ⅱ),No.15 or No.16. 48 smoke exhaust ports are designed in the railway track area to share the smoke output of the front, middle and rear of the platform area, and the selected model of the fan is the same as HTF (A) -Ⅰ (Ⅱ).
This design is a summary of previous experience. Subway fires should not be underestimated, and there is still a long way to go to do the smoke prevention and exhaust work of the subway.
Key Words: Subway;ventilation and smoke exhaust system;Mechanical smoke exhaust; Fire high temperature smoke exhaust fan
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 地铁建筑火灾危险性主要表现方面 1
1.2 地铁火灾的特性及其危害 1
1.3 地铁防排烟常用方法 2
1.3.1 防烟措施 2
1.3.2 排烟措施 3
第二章 工程概况及设计概要 4
2.1 工程概况 4
2.2 设计范围及图纸绘制要求 4
2.3 主要设计参考 4
2.4 耐火等级划分 5
2.5 防排烟设计步骤 5
2.6 地铁防排烟工况及设计要求 5
第三章 地铁机械排烟系统设置与计算 7
3.1 防烟分区的划分 7
3.2 机械排烟方式 10
3.3 车站通风排烟系统设计 10
3.3.1 排烟量的确定 10
3.3.2 排烟口的设置 11
3.3.3 排烟管道尺寸及流速计算 13
3.3.4 排烟口的校核 18
3.3.5 排烟管道各管段沿阻力计算 20
3.3.6 阀门的安装及计算 23
3.3.7 排烟风机的选型 25
3.4 隧道通风排烟系统 26
第四章 火灾应急预案 29
4.1 编制目的 29
4.2 组织机构 29
4.3 接警程序 29
4.4 应急疏散 30
4.5 扑救措施 30
4.6 通信联络措施 30
参考文献 31
附录A 34
致谢 36
绪论
随着人们物质、经济条件的提高,近年来地铁这种实惠、高效的出行方式渐渐成为人们的首选,虽说国内外地铁火灾逐渐淡出人们视野,但地铁火灾值得重视。在2003年2月,韩国大邱广域市中央车站发生了地铁火灾历史上及其少见的特大火灾,火灾发生到扑灭历时四小时,超300人受伤或死亡,造成重大经济损失;2001年8月,巴西圣保罗地铁火灾受伤或死亡接近30人。
谈及地铁火灾起因,除去人为纵火的因素,大多来自于地铁独特的建筑结构带来的一系列问题,所以针对性的进行地铁防排烟设计,逐渐做到消除地铁火灾隐患,为火灾发生时人员的疏散争取到宝贵的时间是地铁防排烟设计的首要任务。
地铁建筑火灾危险性主要表现方面
地铁火灾巨大的危害性来源于地铁建筑结构特点,地铁相对于其他地上建筑物来说有以下差别:
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