摘 要

在矿山建设时期与生产过程中，矿山测量都是其中的重要一环。在矿山开采过程中，矿山测量的精确程度不仅关系着矿山正常的开采运行，而且更事关人民的生命和财产安全。GPS 全球定位系统是上世纪 90 年代发展起来的一项测绘新技术。它具有高精度、高效益、低费用，不受时间、气候条件影响，不受地表通视条件限制，随时提供三维位置信息等优点。目前GPS技术正广泛应用于矿山测量控制网的建立中。本文对通过GPS静态定位观测综合实验所得的控制网数据作为样本，利用南方GNSS软件进行数据处理分析，分别先后进行基线解算与检验，还有基线的平差处理，然后可以得到成果报告，查看结算精度和最终解算坐标。根据数据处理结果，对数据进行分析。GPS 技术的出现为测量控制网的建设与完善提供了一个新的契机，矿山开始将GPS 控制网技术广泛运用到矿山测绘中，以便于整个矿山控制测量工作成果可以适应企业发展需求。GPS控制网技术在具体应用中测绘人员首先要保证测量结果精确度，并且要结合矿山对于测量控制网的需求来对GPS 控制网观测数据进行处理，这样才能确保整个矿区测量控制网的整体性能可以满足企业的需求。现代矿山企业的发展与规划建设越来越快，测量工作的重要性也日益显现，矿区平面控制网与地形图、矿区土地复垦开发和生态环境整治、井下巷道的开拓和矿区规划建设等都需要大量的测绘工作，用传统的测量手段全站仪加水准仪来完成需要时间，工作量也大。GPS 测量具有高精度、高效率的优点，在控制测量领域得到了广泛的应用。随着GPS 接收机性能和数据处理技术逐渐完善，GPS 应用领域也不断拓宽。GPS 为全球定位系统，在测绘界应用于大地测量、城市测量、各类工程测量、变形测量、定位测量等领域，已逐步成为一种重要的常规测量手段。在科学技术飞速发展的今天，GPS 定位技术给测绘工作者带来了革命性的变化，它不仅改变了传统的测量模式，而且能够实时地完成厘米级定位精度，即使在不通视的情况下也能远距离测量三维坐标。但 GPS 的作业方式依赖于有足够的卫星数、稳健的数据链等外界条件，在矿区测量中显得尤为突出，甚至会出现无法正常作业的情况，这就需要不断完善GPS技术， 寻求更加先进的作业方式，使 GPS 技术更好的为矿区控制测量服务。随着科学技术的不断发展，矿山测量工作中对各种测量技术提出了更高的要求，其中以GPS控制网技术为代表的测量技术在得到广泛应用的同时，有效提高了矿山测量的精确度。

关键词：GPS；矿山测量；控制网；数据处理；精确度

Abstract

In mine construction period and in the process of production, the mine surveying is one of the important part of the. In the process of mining, mine surveying accuracy not only in relation to the normal mining of the mining operation, but also related to people's life and property safety of GPS global positioning system is a new mapping technique developed in the 1990s. It has high precision, high efficiency, low cost, no time, climatic conditions without surface visibility conditions, at any time to provide three-dimensional position information and other advantages. At present GPS technology is widely used in mine surveying control network of established. In this paper, through the GPS static positioning view Measured the comprehensive experimental data of control net as a sample, using the South GNSS Software for data analysis and processing, respectively at baseline solution and test, as well as the baseline adjustment, and then report results could be obtained, view the precision of settlement and final solver coordinates. According to the results of data processing, the data for analysis of the emergence of GPS technology for the measurement control network construction and improvement provides a new opportunity, mines began to GPS control network technology is widely applied to mine surveying and mapping, so as to facilitate the whole mine control measurement results can control network technology in the application of measurement to meet business development needs of GPS Drawing personnel must first ensure the accuracy of the measurement results, and to combine the mines for the needs of the surveying control network of GPS control network observation data processing, so as to ensure that the mine survey control network overall performance can meet the enterprise demand. Modern mining enterprise development and planning and construction of more and more quickly, the measurement of importance is increasingly apparent, diggings plane control network and topographic map, mine land reclamation and ecological environment remediation, underground exploration and mining area planning and construction need a lot of Surveying and mapping work, with traditional measuring quantity of the means of total station instrument and the level instrument to do the necessary time and large amount of GPS Has the advantages of high measuring precision, high efficiency advantages, has been widely used in the measurement and control field. With the gradual improvement of the GPS receiver performance and data processing technology, GPS applications continue to broaden the GPS global positioning system, in the surveying and mapping industry application in geodesy, urban measurement, all kinds of engineering measurement, deformation measurement, measurement location and other fields, has gradually become an important conventional measuring method. In today's rapid development of science and technology, GPS positioning technology for surveying and mapping workers brought revolutionary change. It not only changes the traditional mode of measurement, but also can real-time centimeter level positioning Accuracy even in visibility can also remote 3D coordinate measurement. But GPS operation dependent in a sufficient number of satellites, robust data links and other external conditions, in mine survey is particularly prominent, and even can not be the normal operation of the, which need to constantly improve the GPS technology, to seek more advanced mode of operation, the GPS technology better for control survey of mining area service. With the development of science and technology, the mine surveying work of various measurement techniques proposed higher requirements, which based on GPS control network technology for measuring technology has been widely used in, It can effectively improve the accuracy of mine surveying.

Key Words：GPS；Mine Surveying；control network；data processing；accuracy

目录

第1章 绪论 5

1.1目的及意义 5

1.2 国内外研究现状 6

1.3 研究内容和技术路线 7

1.3.1 研究内容 7

1.3.2 技术路线 7

第2章 GPS控制网的建立与外业观测 9

2.1 GPS技术概述 9

2.1.1 GPS技术简述 9

2.1.2 GPS定位原理 9

2.1.3 GPS技术特点 10

2.2 GPS控制网的建立方法 10

2.2.1 构图基本方案 10

2.2.2 构网时应注意的问题 11

2.3 外业观测 12

2.3.1 观测流程 12

2.3.2 观测时应注意的问题 12

第3章 利用南方GNSS软件内业数据处理分析 12

3.1 南方GNSS软件介绍 12

3.2 软件的使用方法 13