论文总字数：21891字

摘 要

阀门在国民经济的各个部门中有着广泛的应用。阀门安装在各种管路系统中用于控制流体的压力，流量和流向。由于流体的压力、流量、温度和物理化学性质的不同，对流体系统的控制要求和使用要求也不同，所以阀门的种类和品种规格非常多。

阀门的控制可采用多种传动方式， 如手动、电动、液动、气动、涡轮、电磁动、电磁液动、电液动、气液动、正齿轮、伞齿轮驱动等；可以在压力、温度或其它形式传感信号的作用下， 按预定的要求动作，或者不依赖传感信号而进行简单的开启或关闭，阀门依靠驱动或自动机构使启闭件作升降、滑移、旋摆或回转运动， 从而改变其流道面积的大小以实现其控制功能。

阀门设计整个过程包括这样几个步骤。按设计参数确定结构，进行方案确定，工作原理，进行受力分析，强度的计算，稳定性的校核，材料选择，测绘总装备图和手动机构装配图和气缸及阀门的全部零件图（Auto CAD）。对闸板密封面进行受力分析，阀门强度计算以及闸杆稳定性校核是重难点。其中重点步骤如下。首先对工作的环境进行确定，选择合适方案，对所设计的零件进行受力分析；然后根据国家标准和推荐的尺寸来确定实际的尺寸；最后进行强度校核，绘制闸阀工程图。

本文着重介绍了闸阀，对闸阀的各种重要组成部件进行验算，以达到理论上验算合格才可使用。在计算时，严格按照参考书及手册的步骤核算，同时应保证所设计产品的材料低廉。

关键词：楔式闸阀 气动 密封面 弹性闸板

ABSTRACT

The valve in the various sectors of the national economy has been widely used. Valve installed in the various kinds of piping system is used to control the fluid pressure, flow and direction of flow. Due to the fluid pressure, flow rate, temperature and different physical and chemical properties, of the fluid system control demands and use is also different, so the valve types and varieties of specifications.窗体底端

窗体顶端

The valve in the various sectors of the national economy has been widely used. Valve installed in the various kinds of piping system is used to control the fluid pressure, flow and direction of flow. Due to the fluid pressure, flow rate, temperature and different physical and chemical properties, of the fluid system control demands and use is also different, so the valve types and varieties of specifications.

Control valve can be a variety of drive, such as manual, electric, hydraulic, pneumatic, turbine, electromagnetic move, electromagnetic hydraulic, electro hydraulic, pneumatic and hydraulic, spur gears, bevel gear drive and the like; in pressure, temperature or the role of other forms of sensor signals, according to the requirements prescribed action, or do not rely on the sensor signal and a simple on or off, the valve is being driven or automatic mechanism to open and close member for lifting, sliding, rotating or rotary pendulum movement, thus changing the size of its flow area to achieve its control function.

Valve design throughout the process consists of several steps. According to the design parameters determine the structure, project demonstration and working principle stress analysis, strength calculation, stability check, material selection, surveying and mapping equipment figure and mechanism of manual assembly drawing and the cylinder and valve all the parts diagram with Auto CAD drawing. The stress analysis of the sealing surface, the stability of the brake rod and the strength of the valve are the most difficult points.. Including such a few key steps. First on the working environment are determined, choose the appropriate scheme, to design the parts stress analysis; then according to the national standard and recommended dimensions to determine the actual size; finally, the strength check, drawing valve engineering drawing.

This paper emphatically introduces the gate, the gate of a variety of important components for calculation, theoretical calculation is eligible to use in order to achieve. In computing, in strict accordance with the reference and the steps of the manual, and shall ensure that the design product material is low.

Keywords: the hand pneumatic change seal dyadic valve of wedge elasticity brake board

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题意义 1

1.2 国内外阀门的发展 1

1.2.1 国外的阀门发展 1

1.2.2 国内阀门的发展 2

第二章 双缸气动楔式闸板闸阀的工作原理及其结构特点 4

2.1 工作原理 4

2.2 结构设计特点 4

2.3 气动阀的维护注意事项 6

第三章 阀门的设计与计算 8

3.1 阀体的设计与计算 8

3.1.1 阀体的功能 8

3.1.2 阀体的选材 8

3.1.3 阀体的结构形式和制造方法 9

3.1.4 确定阀体结构长度和连接尺寸 9

3.1.5 阀体壁厚的设计与计算 10

3.1.6 中法兰的设计与计算 11

3.1.7 密封面的设计与计算 14

3.2闸板的设计与计算 16

3.2.1 闸板密封面的内径与宽度的选取 16

3.2.2 弹性闸板结构设计与计算 17

3.2.3 闸板的厚度校核 17

3.3阀杆的设计与计算 18

3.3.1 闸阀阀杆的总轴向力 18

3.3.3 阀杆的强度校核 19

3.3.4 阀杆的稳定性校核 21

3.3.5 阀杆主要尺寸的确定 22

3.4 阀盖及填料装置的设计与计算 23

3.4.1 阀盖的设计与计算 23

3.4.2 填料压盖的设计与计算 24

3.4.3 上密封座尺寸 28

3.5 气缸的设计与计算 29

3.5.1 气缸的直径粗估算与选取 29

3.5.2 气缸的校核 29

3.6 其他主要零件的设计与校核 30

3.6.1 滚动轴承的选取 30

3.6.2 阀杆螺母的校核 31

3.6.3 手轮直径的确定 32

第四章 结论 33

参考文献 34

致谢 35

第一章 绪论

1.1 选题意义

气动闸阀从八十年代进入我国。在二十多年的时间里，它的使用范围从普通领域扩展到了更为广阔的行行业业。从矿山电厂的选煤、排渣。发展到城市污水处理，从普通的工业管道发展到了食品、医药等专业管道系统。超薄型的闸板闸阀以其体积较小、流阻较小、重量轻、容易安装、容易易拆卸等优点解决了普通闸阀、平板闸阀、球阀、截止阀、调节阀、蝶阀等类阀门流阻大、重量较大、安装困难、占地面积较大等疑难问题^[1]。

随着机电一体化的发展趋势，以及微电子和计算机技术的快速发展，这些电动阀门在用户使用中出现愈来愈多的问题。比如控制精度低、现场调试麻烦、故障诊断方法的不完善等，这就使得原有电动阀门越来越没法适应现代工业发展的需求，必然会被淘汰。因此对于电动阀门这个重要的工业机械产品进行有效改造，提高其智能化的程度，使其控制过程实现计算机化、通讯功能数字化、以及故障诊断处理的智能化、检测的远程化，都有非常重要的意义^[2]。

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