摘 要

因为加工中心具有工序集中，对加工对象的适应性强，加工精度高，加工生产率高，操作者的劳动强度减轻，经济效益高，有利于生产管理的先现代化。所以，现在加工中心逐渐成为机械加工业中最主要的设备，它加工范围广，使用量大。近年来随着加工中心逐渐成为机械加工业中最主要的设备，其应用越来越广。但是由于加工中心多采用封闭或者半封闭模式，所以加工中心的夹具在拆装时极其不方便，而且加工中心的夹具重量一般在500kg以上，而对于车间中广泛采用的吊钩、吊环等起重设备并不能很好的使用。而目前车间中负责加工中心夹具拆装的设备一般是叉车来负责的，但是叉车因为本身的用途、操作及结构特点，在实际操作过程中并不能准确快速的实现夹具的拆装。因此为了保证加工中心夹具的快速拆装，提高加工中心的工作效率，参考叉车的工作机制，设计制造出能够方便操作，并且精度高效率快的加工中心夹具快速拆装装置——夹具换型小车。而其实际就是对起重技术的运用。

夹具换型小车要实现的功能有：起重垂直升降，水平前后及水平左右调整机构，设备可移动性。具体要求是：最大起重量达到1吨，尺寸符合车间空间要求，通过性好。

关键词：夹具换型小车,升降机构,水平调整机构

Abstract

Because the machining center with the process of concentration of object processing adaptability, high machining precision, high productivity machining, reduce the labor intensity of the operator, high economic benefit, is conducive to the production management to the modernization. Therefore, now the processing center has gradually become the most important equipment in the mechanical processing industry, it has a wide range of processing, the use of large.In recent years, with the machining center has gradually become the mostimportant equipment in the mechanical processing industry, its application is moreand more widely. But due to the machining center using a closed or semi closed mode,so machining center fixture in the disassembly extremely inconvenient .Besides machining center fixture weight general is more than 500kg, and the widely used in workshop of hook, rings up heavy equipment are not very good use for it. And the workshop responsible for assembling and disassembling fixture of machining center equipment is generally forklift responsible, but because of his application,operation and structure characteristics, in actual operation process and can not accurately and quickly realize the fixture of disassembly. Therefore in order to ensure the quick assembly and disassembly of the machining center fixture, improve the efficiency of the machining center.I reference forklift working mechanism, design and manufacture of a convenient operation and quick precision and high efficiency machining center fixture rapid dismounting device, the car for fixture. And its practice is the application of the lifting technology.

The functions for the car includes lifting vertical and horizontal, and the level of the level before and after the adjustment mechanism, the device can be mobile. The specific requirements are: the maximum weight of 1 tons, the size of the workshop space requirements, through the good.

Key words: the car for fixture, lifting mechanism, horizontal adjusting mechanism

目 录

第1章 绪论 ···································································1

1.1加工中心夹具快速拆装装置设计选题的目的及意义···················1

1.2夹具换型小车的发展现状及前景展望 ······························1

1.3课题主要内容及要求 ············································2

1.4研究采用的技术方案及措施 ······································2

第2章 夹具换型小车结构总述 ··········································4

2.1门架简介及设计要求 ············································4

2.2门架系统的运动与安装关系 ······································4

第3章 货叉的设计计算 ················································6

3.1货叉基本参数和尺寸的确定 ······································6

3.2货叉的计算简图 ················································7

3.3货叉的强度验算 ················································7

3.3.1计算载荷P的确定 ··········································8

3.3.2安全系数n的确定 ··········································9

3.3.3计算最大正应力 ············································9

3.3.4强度验算 ··················································9

3.4货叉的刚度验算 ················································9

3.5货叉挂钩形式的确定 ···········································10

第4章 叉架及叉板的设计计算 ·········································11

第5章 门架的设计计算 ···············································13

5.1门架的构造 ···················································13

5.2门架强度的计算 ···············································13

5.3滑动丝杠受力分析 ·············································14

5.4门架设计计算 ·················································16

5．4.1门架的弯矩校核 ··········································17

5．4.2门架的刚度计算 ··········································18

第6章 其他机构 ·····················································21

6.1电动机的选择 ·················································21

6.2轴承的选择 ···················································22

总结 ··································································23

参考资料 ····························································25

致谢 ································································26

第1章 绪 论

1.1加工中心夹具快速拆装装置设计选题的目的及意义

因为加工中心具有工序集中，对加工对象的适应性强，加工精度高，加工生产率高，操作者的劳动强度减轻，经济效益高，有利于生产管理的先现代化。所以，现在加工中心逐渐成为机械加工业中最主要的设备，它加工范围广，使用量大。近年来在品种，性能，功能方面有很大的发展。但是由于加工中心多采用封闭或者半封闭模式，所以加工中心的夹具在拆装时极其不方便，而且加工中心的夹具重量一般在500kg以上，而对于车间中广泛采用的吊钩、吊环等起重设备并不能很好的使用。因此为了保证加工中心夹具的快速拆装，提高加工中心的工作效率，参考叉车的工作机制，设计制造出能够方便操作，并且精度高效率快的加工中心夹具快速拆装装置（以下简称夹具换型小车）——夹具换型小车。而其实际就是对起重技术的运用。

了解夹具换型小车的系统设计及其工作原理，并为未来在工作中研究中打下基础，并解决实际问题。通过此次毕业设计实现教学与实践的结合，考察学生本科学习生涯的学习成果。而在此次设计的意义就是实现加工中心夹具快速拆装的目的。研究一种结构简单,使用方便,并且结构紧凑的夹具换型小车。

1.2夹具换型小车的发展现状及前景展望

目前车间中负责加工中心夹具拆装的设备一般是叉车来负责的。究其原因，一是，因为夹具换型小车并没有得到有效的推广，厂家对夹具换型小车并没有普遍的认识与了解；二是，因为叉车的存在，车间工人利用叉车对加工中心夹具进行拆装，虽然效率不是很高，但依然可以进行，这也限制了夹具换型小车的推广应用。只有极少数追求利益最大化的公司与企业才慢慢采用夹具换型小车进行加工中心夹具的快速拆装。但是这依然限制不了夹具换型小车的发展。

夹具换型小车是一种对夹具能同时完成垂直升降和水平移动的机械。它类似起重机械，而在工业和民用建筑工程中,起重机械作为主要施工机械用于建筑构件和材料在运输过程的装卸，并将构件吊到设计位置进行安装等，不仅解决了人力无法胜任的作业,而且能保证工程质量，缩短工期，降低成本，成为极其重要的建筑施工机械。目前虽然数控中心已经得到了大范围的应用，但是广大厂区车间内因为没有专用的夹具换型小车及专门放置夹具的货架，而夹具换型小车的出现就是对其现状极大地改善。换型小车的工作原理与叉车的工作原理相似，利用起重技术垂直升降或者垂直升降并水平移动夹具，使夹具准确高效的装夹在加工中心上。因此为了保证加工中心夹具的快速拆装，提高加工中心的工作效率，参考叉车的工作机制，设计制造出能够方便操作，并且精度高效率快的加工中心夹具快速拆装装置（以下简称夹具换型小车）——夹具换型小车。因此夹具换型小车的普及是必然的趋势。