摘 要

本文借助了兰州某公司开发商的摩擦磨损试验机，对轮轨润滑剂的摩擦性能进行分析，其具体是指在摩擦对偶面的试件上涂上实验选用的轮轨润滑剂产品，测量摩擦副接触面之间的摩擦系数、并观测摩擦面的磨损状况。同时，本文借助了MATLAB数值仿真软件，对摩擦自激振动试验台的质量块的振动特性进行了仿真，通过改变摩擦系数的大小，观察质量块的振动幅度，初步研究了轮轨润滑剂对我们所搭建起实验台的振动的影响。借助有限元分析软件，对接触面的摩擦应力进行了分析。

论文研究结果表明：

（1）加入接触面间加入轮轨润滑剂后，与接触面间的干态相比，对偶面的摩擦系数都有所减少，在试验测试的产品中，接触面间涂抹润滑油的摩擦系数最大，二硫化钼锂基脂的摩擦系数小于润滑油，石墨锂基脂的摩擦系数是三类产品中最小的。由此可以看出实验中，石墨锂基脂减摩能力强于其他两种产品。

（2）同干燥状态下的测试结果比较得出，选用的三种测试产品均使摩擦件试样的磨损量减小。其中，这三种润滑剂中使用润滑油的磨损质量为最大，其次是二硫化钼锂基脂，使用石墨锂基脂的磨损量最小 。

（3）数值仿真的结果表明，摩擦系数对质量块的振动幅度有影响，由仿真结果图可以看出随着摩擦副间摩擦系数的降低，质量块的振动幅度逐渐减小，其中接触面间加入石墨锂基脂的情况下，质量块的振动幅度最小。

（4）有限元分析结果表明，接触面摩擦应力不是均匀分布的。

关键词：轮轨润滑剂；摩擦系数； 磨损量

Abstract

In this thesis, the friction and wear test of a wheel-rail lubricant is analyzed by means of a friction and wear tester of a company in Lanzhou. It refers to the design of the wheel-rail lubricant product on the friction surface of the friction, The friction coefficient between the secondary contact surfaces, and observe the wear surface of the friction surface. At the same time, the vibration characteristics of the mass of the friction self-excited vibration test bed are simulated by means of MATLAB numerical simulation software. By changing the size of the friction coefficient and observing the vibration amplitude of the mass block, Built by the impact of the vibration of the experimental bench. The friction stress of the contact surface was analyzed by finite element analysis software.

The results of the paper show that:

（1） After adding the wheel-rail lubricant, the friction coefficient of the friction pair is reduced compared with that in the dry state. Among the three lubricants, the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil is the largest, and the friction coefficient of the molybdenum disulfide Less than the oil, graphite lithium grease friction coefficient is the smallest of the three products. In the reduction of friction, graphite lithium grease anti-friction effect is the best.

（2）Compared with the amount of wear in the dry state, the three kinds of wheel-rail lubricants have reduced the wear of the friction parts. Among them, these three lubricants in the use of lubricating oil wear quality is the largest, followed by molybdenum disulfide lithium grease, the use of graphite lithium grease wear the smallest.

（3）The results of numerical simulation show that the friction coefficient has an effect on the vibration amplitude of the mass. It can be seen from the simulation results that the vibration amplitude of the mass decreases with the decrease of the friction coefficient between the friction pairs, In the case of graphite lithium grease, the vibration amplitude of the mass block is minimal.

（4）The results of finite element analysis show that the contact surface friction stress is not evenly distributed.

Key words: wheel and rail lubricant; friction coefficient; wear loss

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.3课题的主要研究内容 3

第2章 轮轨润滑剂的选用及其摩擦特性分析 4

2.1 轮轨润滑剂的介绍与选用 4

2.2试验装置与实验材料 5

2.2.1试验装置 5

2.2.2试验材料 8

2.3 实验过程与实验结果 10

2.3.1实验参数设置与实验过程 10

2.3.2 实验结果对比 11

第3章 轮轨润滑剂对试验台运动影响分析 16

3.1摩擦自激振动试验台简介 16

3.2 试验台振动的数值研究 17

第4章 试验台接触面应力分析 20

4.1 分析类型与模型的确立 20

4.2前处理阶段 21

4.2.1定义材料阶段 21

4.2.2网格划分 21

4.2.3接触设置 22

4.3加载求解阶段 22

4.4 求解结果与分析 22

第5章 总结 24

参考文献 25

致谢 26

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

摩擦自激振动是一种由由摩擦引起的并由自身系统提供激励来维持其自身运动的非线性运动。常见于日常生活之中，亦可见于工程实践之中。通常，自激振动能使系统产生颤振、加速机械接触面磨损、并产生尖锐的噪音等。例如，当我们拧动水龙头时，有时会发生尖锐的噪音；在机床低速进给的加工状态下，会使得机床的进给系统速出现不稳定的运动状态^[1]；当火车穿过转弯弯道时，产生极大的振动噪音。