摘 要

基于材料本身的各种物理效应，智能材料可以实现电、磁、机械能之间的相互转化，是集驱动与传感于一体的新型功能材料。在新世纪的新材料发展中，超磁致伸缩材料以其较大的磁致伸缩系数，较高的能量密度，快速的响应能力以及驱动的精密度高等特点而备受关注。作为新材料中的一员，超磁致伸缩材料的性能还未完全被人们所掌握，尚且有着极大的发展空间，需要人们进一步的去探索其未知的属性。

超磁致伸缩泵是一种体积小、重量轻、压力大的精密泵，这正是航空航天以及军事领域所迫切需要的，传统的液压泵很难满足现代化航天和军事上的需求，超磁致伸缩泵正好能够弥补这一空缺，本文针对人们对于超磁致伸缩材料的现有的研究，根据其已知的优良特性设计了超磁致伸缩泵，从结构的优化设计到系统的仿真建模，研究了超磁致伸缩泵的可行性。

由于超磁致伸缩材料具有磁致伸缩正效应和磁致伸缩逆效应，而材料又具有磁滞特性，所以其磁致伸缩正效应和磁致伸缩逆效应并不是等同的，目前国内外的研究主要集中在磁致伸缩的单一效应，以及以单一效应为基础研发的各种执行器和传感器，像这种正逆效应耦合应用的超磁致伸缩泵的设计是对于超磁致伸缩材料应用的一大突破。

本文研究了传统液压泵和超磁致伸缩泵之间的对比，以及超磁致伸缩材料为人们所掌握的特性以及那些还处在初步认识的特性，分析了超磁致伸缩材料应用于超磁致伸缩泵所带来的优势，通过建立磁场强度在超磁致伸缩棒上的分布情况设计了激励线圈的各项参数，同时阐述了超磁致伸缩泵的工作原理，还对超磁致伸缩泵的结构磁路进行了优化仿真。从理论的层面验证了超磁致伸缩泵的设计可行性。

关键词：超磁致伸缩材料；液压泵；磁滞特性

Abstract

Based on the various physical effects of the material itself, intelligent materials can realize the mutual conversion between electricity, magnetism and mechanical energy, and it is a new type of functional material which integrates driving and sensing. In the development of new materials in the new century, the giant magnetostrictive material has attracted much attention due to its large magnetostrictive coefficient, high energy density, fast response capability and high precision. As a member of the new material, the performance of the giant magnetostrictive material has not been fully grasped by people, yet has a great room for development, people need to further explore its unknown properties.

Giant magnetostrictive pump is a small size, light weight, high pressure precision pump, which is the aerospace and military areas urgently needed, the traditional hydraulic pump is difficult to meet the needs of modern space and military, In this paper, aiming at the existing research on the giant magnetostrictive material, a giant magnetostrictive pump is designed according to its known excellent characteristics. From the optimal design of the structure to the simulation of the system, the telescopic pump is designed to make up the vacancy. The feasibility of the giant magnetostrictive pump was studied.

As the magnetostrictive material has the magnetostrictive effect and magnetostrictive effect, and the material has hysteresis characteristics, so its magnetostrictive positive effect and magnetostrictive effect is not the same, the current domestic and foreign research Mainly focused on the single effect of magnetostriction, as well as a single effect based on the development of a variety of actuators and sensors, such as this is the inverse effect of coupling application of the giant magnetostrictive pump design is for the giant magnetostrictive material applications A big break.

In this paper, the comparison between the traditional hydraulic pump and the giant magnetostrictive pump, and the characteristics of the giant magnetostrictive materials, as well as those which are still in the preliminary understanding, are analyzed. The application of the giant magnetostrictive material to the supermagnetism The principle of the telescopic pump is designed, and the parameters of the excitation coil are designed by establishing the distribution of the magnetic field strength on the giant magnetostrictive rod. At the same time, the principle of the giant magnetostrictive pump is described, The structure of the pump is optimized. The feasibility of the design of the giant magnetostrictive pump is verified from the theoretical level.

Key words: Giant magnetostrictive material; Hydraulic pump; Hysteresis characteristics

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.1.1传统液压泵 1

1.1.2超磁致伸缩泵 2

1.2超磁致伸缩材料 2

1.2.1超磁致伸缩材料的性能特点 2

1.2.2磁致伸缩效应及其机理 2

1.2.3超磁致伸缩材料的研究发展及特点 4

1.3超磁致伸缩泵国内外研究现状 5

1.4论文的研究意义与主要内容 6

1.4.1研究意义 6

1.4.2研究内容 6

第2章 超磁致伸缩泵的结构设计 8

2.1GMP的结构总体设计 8

2.2GMM棒的设计 8

2.2.1几何参数设计 8

2.2.2产品选择 11

2.3超磁致伸缩泵的工作机理 12

2.4激励线圈的设计与优化 14

2.4.1激励线圈的内径及长度确定 14

2.4.2激励线圈的外径的确定 17

2.4.3激励线圈的匝数确定 18

2.5预压力机构 19

2.6密封问题 20

第3章 磁路设计与优化仿真 21

3.1软件介绍 21

3.2仿真分析 21

第4章 超磁致伸缩材料磁滞特性机理 24

4.1磁滞现象 24

4.2磁滞特性机理 24

4.3磁滞模型 25

4.3.1数学模型 25

4.3.2机理模型 26

第5章 环境影响及经济性分析 27

5.1环境影响 27

5.2经济性分析 27

第6章 总结与展望 28

6.1总结 28

6.2展望 28

参考文献 29

致谢 31

第1章 绪论

1.1研究背景

1.1.1传统液压泵

液压泵是为液压系统提供动力的元件，液压泵一般由原动机驱动，原动机包括有电动机或者内燃机等，液压泵把输入的机械能转换为液压能，再以压力和流量的形式输送到系统中去。

传统的液压泵按主要运动构件的形状和运动方式分为齿轮泵、叶片泵、柱塞泵和螺杆泵四大类。按照它的排量能否改变分为定量泵和变量泵。

图1.1 齿轮泵 图1.2 叶片泵