论文总字数：18403字

摘 要

秸秆发酵制备沼气是重要的秸秆利用方式，但是副产物沼渣亟待提高利用价值。黄粉虫具有高蛋白、高脂肪、生长繁殖速度快的优点，本文开展了黄粉虫转化利用沼渣的研究，并对其制备虫源蛋白以及衍生产品进行了考察。

（1）本文在黄粉虫转化利用沼渣的研究中，发现添加豆粕补充蛋白能够显著提高黄粉虫对沼渣的利用能力，沼渣饲料转化率达15.66%；在此基础上，通过补充碳源，使黄粉虫对沼渣饲料的转化率增至26.91%，虫体增重率达到8.86%，获得与纯麦麸饲养类似的转化效果。同时考察了饲养密度对黄粉虫下转化沼渣性能的影响，当饲养密度为0.215g/cm²时，黄粉虫对沼渣饲料的转化率达到28.71%，虫体增重率为9.15%。此外，研究发现先黄粉虫还能直接利用秸秆沼渣中残留的农膜碎片，当饲养密度为0.215g/cm²时，黄粉虫对农膜碎片的利用率达到35.22%。

（2）本文以黄粉虫为原料，对有机溶剂法提取黄粉虫油脂进行优化，以1：1的石油醚-正己烷混合溶剂作为油脂提取剂，确定黄粉虫油脂的提取工艺条件为：固液比为1：10，45℃提取2h。黄粉虫干的出油率达16.47%，粗蛋白损失率不足6%；而以秸秆沼渣饲养的黄粉虫为原料，其出油率为13.34%，其所含粗脂肪的提取率达84.77%，提油后的残渣粗蛋白含量达70%，可作为饲料中的蛋白添加剂；沼渣中添加豆粕作为氮源饲养的黄粉虫作为原料，出油率达到16.38%，与纯麦麸饲养的黄粉虫提取油脂效果接近。

以上研究表明：通过对饲养条件的优化，可显著提升黄粉虫转化秸秆沼渣的能力。同时可获取黄粉虫油脂及虫源蛋白作为产品。

关键词: 沼渣；黄粉虫；转化；油脂提取：蛋白质；

Study on Preparation of Insect Source Protein and Its Derivative Products by Insect Conversion Biogas Residue

ABSTRACT

Abstract: The preparation of biogas by straw fermentation is an important method of straw utilization, but the by-product biogas residue needs to be improved. Tenebrio molitor has the advantages of high protein, high fat and fast growth and reproduction. In this paper, the research on transformation and utilization of biogas residue by Tenebrio molitor was carried out, and the preparation of insect source protein and derivative products were investigated.

In the study of the transformation and utilization of biogas residue by Tenebrio molitor, it was found that the addition of soybean meal supplement protein can significantly improve the utilization of the biogas residue by the yellow mealworm, and the conversion rate of the biogas residue feed is 15.66%. On this basis, the carbon source is supplemented. The conversion rate of the yellow mealworm to the biogas residue feed increased to 25.27%, and the daily average weight gain rate reached 1.85%, which obtained a similar conversion effect as the pure wheat bran feed. At the same time, the effects of stocking density on the performance of transforming biogas residue under Tenebrio molitor were investigated. When the stocking density was 0.215g/cm2, the conversion rate of Tenebrio molitor to biogas residue feed reached 22.71%, and the average daily weight gain rate was 1.85%. In addition, the study found that the first Tenebrio molitor can directly use the residual agricultural film fragments in the straw residue. When the stocking density is 0.215g/cm2, the utilization rate of Tenebrio molitor to the agricultural film fragments reaches 35.22%. The oil yield of Tenebrio molitor fed with soybean meal as nitrogen source reached 16.38%, which was similar to that of Tenebrio molitor fed with pure wheat bran.

In this paper, we used Tenebrio molitor as raw material to investigate the extraction process of insect source oil, and determined that 50% petroleum ether-50% n-hexane was used as the extraction solvent. After optimization of the process, the extraction conditions were finally determined: the solid-liquid ratio was 1: After extracting at 10,45 °C for 2h, the oil yield of the yellow meal was 16.47%, the crude protein loss rate was less than 6%, and the yellow mealworm fed by the straw biogas residue was the raw material, the oil yield was 13.34%, and the crude fat contained therein. the extraction rate is 84.77%, and the crude protein content of the residue after oil extraction is 70%, which can be used as a protein additive in feed.

The above studies show that the optimization of feeding conditions can significantly improve the ability of Tenebrio molitor to transform straw residue. At the same time, the yellow mealworm oil and the insect source protein can be obtained as products.

Key words: biogas residue; Tenebrio molitor; transformation; oil extraction: protein;

目录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章.文献综述 1

1.1秸秆沼渣利用研究进展 1

1.1.1秸秆沼渣的应用技术 1

1.1.2秸秆沼渣在生产应用中存在的问题 1

1.2黄粉虫转化废弃物的研究进展 2

1.3黄粉虫油脂提取工艺研究进展 2

1.4本研究目的与意义 3

第二章．实验方法与实验材料 4

2.1实验材料与设备 4

2.1.1实验材料与试剂： 4

2.1.2实验仪器设备 4

2.2黄粉虫转化沼渣的研究 4

2.3黄粉虫油脂提取实验方法 6

2.4检测与分析方法 7

第三章 结果与讨论 9

3.1多种因素对黄粉虫转化沼渣性能的影响 9

3.1.1饲料配比对黄粉虫转化沼渣性能的影响 9

3.1.2不同氮源对黄粉虫转化沼渣性能的影响 11

3.1.3不同饲养密度与添加碳源对黄粉虫转化沼渣性能的影响 13

3.2黄粉虫降解塑料农膜碎片 15

3.2.1不同氮源饲料对黄粉虫降解塑料农膜碎片的影响 15

3.2.1不同饲养密度对黄粉虫降解塑料农膜碎片的影响 16

3.3有机溶剂法提取黄粉虫油脂的研究 16

3.3.1提取溶剂的选择 16

3.3.2油脂提取温度的选择 16

3.3.3油脂提取的固液比选择 16

3.3.4油脂提取时间的选择 17

3.3.5回收溶剂提取性能的考察 17

第四章 结论与展望 18

4.1结论 18

4.2展望 18

参考文献 19

致谢 21

第一章.文献综述

1.1沼渣利用研究进展

我国是农业大国，每年产生的农作物秸秆在7亿吨以上，目前我国正在积极推广秸秆沼气技术，开辟了秸秆综合利用新途径，而沼渣是沼气发酵中产生的固体残渣，其有机质含量在40%以上，秸秆沼渣中主要成分，纤维素20.66%、半纤维素12.61%、木质素40.00%还含有腐殖酸、全氮、全磷、全钾、粗蛋白和微量元素等 ^[1]。开发利用沼渣对促进秸秆沼气可持续发展具有重要意义。

1.1.1秸秆沼渣的应用技术

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