论文总字数：17707字

摘 要

Abstract II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1活性染料 1

1.1.1活性染料的概述 1

1.1.2活性染料特点 1

1.1.3活性染料的种类与结构 2

1.2活性染料的无盐染色 4

1.2.1无盐染色的进展 4

1.2.2目前无盐染色的方法及存在的问题 4

1.3阳离子活性染料 6

1.3.1概述 6

1.3.2高分子阳离子活性染料的染色特点 6

1.3.3阳离子活性染料的研究进展 7

1.4 Bola型电解质 19

1.4.1概述 19

1.4.2 bola型电解质合成 19

1.5本课题设想及优势 21

第二章 实验部分 22

2.1药品和仪器 22

2.1.1药品 22

2.1.2仪器 22

2.2染料的合成 23

2.2.1红色阳离子活性染料 RCRD1的合成 23

2.2.2 红色阳离子活性染料 RCRD2的合成 24

2.2.3 红色阳离子活性染料 RCRD3的合成 27

2.2.4 红色阳离子活性染料RCRD4的合成 29

2.2.5染色工艺 31

第三章 实验结果与讨论 32

3.1紫外光谱 32

3.1.1 1-氨基蒽醌的产物结构及紫外光谱 32

3.2染色性能 33

3.2.1 温度时间对染色性能的影响 33

3.2.2 染料用量对染色性能的影响 35

第四章 结论 37

参考文献 38

致谢 41

红色阳离子活性染料的合成与性能研究

摘要

活性染料于上世纪50年代问世，是目前市场上应用最为广泛的染料之一，活性染料是为数不多的在纤维素纤维和蛋白质纤维上均可应用的染料，其与纤维可以形成共价键固着在纤维上。然而活性染料在上染的过程中需要用到大量的中性盐电解质以及碱剂，这些试剂的引入会引起染液中生成大量的废水，增加了废水处理的难度，因此开发活性染料的无盐染色技术成为目前人们研究的重点。

阳离子活性染料是目前一类可行的无盐染色的染料，其结构是在活性染料的基础上将其季铵化，赋予活性染料阳离子基团，这类染料在染浴中显正电荷，因而可以解决活性染料上染时与纤维电荷相斥的问题，减少染色时中性盐的应用。

本文以1-氨基蒽醌染料母体，首先将其进行季铵化改造，然后利用三聚氯氰作为连接基和反应性基团，将四种不同的聚合度聚乙二醇（PEG600，1000，1500.2000）引入到染料结构中，制备出了含有四种不同PEG间隔基（Space group）的Bola型阳离子活性染料。此阳离子活性染料不仅具有较高的水溶性，而且由于其Bola结构，分子中含有2个一氯均三嗪活性剂，提高了其与纤维素之间的反应性。分别测试了四种染料的K/S值以及对棉织物的上染率，研究结果表明，随着PEG聚醚链段的增加，染料水溶性不断提高，该类染料最佳合成工艺条件下收率最高可达78%，其中当聚醚链为PEG1000可达最佳的染色效果；将第2种染料进行了无盐染色实验，进行紫外光谱测试和在不同染色条件下K/S值的测定，确定其染色性能，其中染料RCRD2的K/S值在O.w.f为10%的染色条件可达到2.1-2.7；该染料具有色牢度好，染色颜色深，上染率高的优点，但色匀度不好。

关键词：阳离子活性染料，无盐染色,高分子染料，染色性能，PEG

Synthesis and Properties of Red Cationic Reactive Dyes

Abstract

Reactive dyes, which appeared in the 1950s, are one of the most widely used dyes in the market. Reactive dyes can dye both cellulose fibers and protein fibers, and can fix dyes on fibers by forming covalent bonds. However, a large number of neutral salt electrolytes and alkaline agents are needed in the dyeing process of reactive dyes. The introduction of these reagents will cause a large amount of wastewater in the dyeing solution, which will pollute the environment. Therefore, the development of salt-free dyeing technology of reactive dyes has become the focus of current research.

cationic reactive dyes are a kind of feasible salt-free dyes at present. Their structure is quaternization on the basis of reactive dyes, which gives cationic groups to reactive dyes. These dyes show positive charges in dyeing baths. Therefore, they can solve the problem that reactive dyes repel the charges of fibers and reduce the application of neutral salts in dyeing.

In this paper, the parent of 1-aminoanthraquinone dye was first modified by quaternization. Then four kinds of polyethylene glycol with different degree of polymerization (PEG600, 1000, 1500.2000) were introduced into the dye structure using cyanuric chloride as the ligand and reactive group. Four kinds of Bola cationic reactive dyes with different PEG spacer groups were prepared. The cationic reactive dye not only has high water solubility, but also contains two monochlorotriazine active agents because of its Bola structure, which improves the reactivity between the cationic reactive dye and cellulose.The K/S values of four dyes and the dyeing rate of cotton fabrics were tested respectively. The results showed that with the increase of PEG polyether chains, the water solubility of dyes increased continuously, and the yield of the modified dyes could reach 78% under the optimum synthetic conditions. The best dyeing effect could be achieved when the polyether chain was PEG 1000. The salt-free dyeing experiment of the second dye was carried out, the ultraviolet spectrum test and the K/S value determination under different dyeing conditions were carried out to determine its dyeing performance, good color fastness, The K/S value of dye 2 can reach 2.1-2.7 under the dyeing condition of 10% O.w.f. .The dye has the advantages of good color fastness, deep dyeing color and high dye uptake, but poor color evenness.

Key word：Cationic reactive dyes, salt-free dyeing, polymer dyes, dyeing properties, PEG

文献综述

1.1活性染料

1.1.1活性染料的概述

活性染料是20世纪50年代英国帝国化学工业集团合成的一类新型染料，这类染料由于结构中含有较多亲水性基团因此具有良好的水溶性，染料分子中含有活性基团可以与纤维素纤维氧负离子和蛋白质纤维氨基反应形成共价键^[1]。活性染料具有颜色鲜艳，匀染佳，染色方法简便，染色牢度高，色谱齐全和成本较低等特点^[2]。

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