摘 要

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides) 属于茜草科栀子属植物，别名山栀、白蟾，是我国的传统中药材之一。栀子里有多种活性成分，如栀子黄、栀子油等，富含药用和食用价值，是我国首批食药两用资源。但目前对栀子的利用主要以栀子黄色素、栀子苷等单一组分的提取及产品开发为主，对其综合提取方面的研究还很缺乏，造成资源的浪费。水栀子(Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans Makino)是栀子的变种，具有易栽培，产量高，价格低，主要活性成分高等优点，但对其开发利用较少，亟需进一步的研究。

以水栀子为原料，水为提取溶剂，对栀子苷、栀子黄酮和栀子黄的高效提取条件进行优化，最终表明：浸提时间60min，温度50℃，料液比1:22（g:mL）时，栀子黄提取率为91.33%，栀子黄酮提取率为55.07%，栀子苷提取率为90.68%。进一步采用响应面法优化得到最佳提取条件为：浸提时间70min，温度55℃，料液比1:20。在此优化条件下，栀子黄提取率为95.51%，栀子黄酮类提取率为64.65%，栀子苷（京尼平苷）提取率为94.24%。

关键词：水栀子 综合提取 提取 响应面法 分离 纯化

Optimization of water extraction technology of water gardenia by response surface methodology

ABSTRACT

Gardenia belongs to the genus Meridaceae gardenia, alias mountain gardenia, white toad, is one of the traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Gardenia has a variety of active ingredients, such as gardenia yellow, gardenia oil, rich in medicinal and edible value, is the first batch of food and medicine resources. However, the utilization of gardenia is mainly based on the extraction and product development of gardenia yellow pigment and geniposide, and the research on its comprehensive utilization is still lacking, resulting in the waste of resources. Water gardenia is a variant of gardenia, with easy cultivation, high yield, low price, the main active ingredients of high advantages, but its development and utilization of less urgent need for further research.

In this paper, from the perspective of comprehensive utilization, water as garden extract gardenia yellow pigment, geniposide and gardenia flavonoids and other active ingredients. Extraction and purification of raw materials for the efficient extraction of gardenia resources to provide reference. The main research contents are as follows:

The extraction conditions of geniposide, gardenia flavonoids and gardenia yellow were optimized by using water as raw material and water as extraction solvent. Finally, the extraction time was 60 min, the temperature was 50 ℃, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:22 ( G: mL), the extraction rate of gardenia yellow was 91.33%, the extraction rate of gardenia flavonoids was 55.07%, and the extraction rate of geniposide was 90.68%. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 70 min, temperature 55 ℃, ratio of solid to liquid 1:20. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction rate of gardenia yellow was 95.51%, the extraction rate of gardenia flavonoids was 64.65%, and the extraction rate of geniposide (geniposide) was 94.24%.

KEYWORDS: Gardenia jasminoides Ellis；Comprehensive extraction；Extract；Response surface methodology；Separation；Purification

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 栀子概述 1

1.2 栀子有效组分的研究 1

1.2.1 栀子黄色素的概述 2

1.2.2 栀子苷的概述 3

1.2.3栀子黄酮的概述 3

1.3 栀子有效组分提取和分离技术的探究 4

1.3.1 栀子有效组分的提取方法研究进展 4

1.3.2 栀子有效组分的分离方法研究进展 4

1.4 本课题研究目的与意义 5

1.5本课题研究内容 5

第二章 水栀子水提工艺条件的优化 7

2.1前言 7

2.2材料和方法 7

2.2.1实验试剂 7

2.2.2实验仪器 8

2.3 实验方法 8

2.3.1 原料预处理 8

2.3.2 栀子中各组分总含量的测定 8

2.4水栀子水提条件优化 9

2.4.1单因素实验 9

2.4.2 响应面法优化水栀子水提条件 10

2.4.3 栀子活性组分含量检测方法 11

2.5 结果与分析 13

2.5.1 栀子各活性组分测定的标准曲线 13

2.5.2 水栀子有效组分量比较 15

2.5.3 水栀子水提条件的确定－单因素实验结果 16

2.5.4水栀子水提条件的确定－响应面分析法 19

2.5.5 验证实验 25

2.6本章小结 25

第三章 结论与展望 27

3.1 结论 27

3.2 展望 27

参考文献 28

致谢 32

第一章 绪论

1.1 栀子概述

栀子也称山栀子，属于果实类，是中药材，典型的药食两用品种。我国栀子主要生长于长江中下游及以南广大地区。

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