论文总字数：18988字

摘 要

膜分离技术作为20世纪最尖端的科学技术，已经在各行各业中都得到了长足的应用于发展。他凭借自身的许多优点，机械强度高、抗腐蚀酸碱能力强、操作简单方便等，等到了业界的一致好评。目前，已在化工生产、生物医药、食品安全等领域取得广泛的应用。不锈钢膜作为应用最广的膜材料，因其没有统一的衡量性能的标准，所以需要不断的做实验来研究。本文主要就的内容有：

1.首先是对不锈钢膜孔径的选择。通过使用金相显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM）和孔径分析仪分别对不同粒径的不锈钢膜进行分析和表征，选出最优的膜材料进行过滤实验。

2.考察多孔不锈钢膜的过滤性能。因为需要重复测试，需要及时的清洗，所以我们改进了传统的过滤装置，将反洗工艺加入其中。之后我们通过对不同浓度下的Al₂O₃悬浮液中测试不锈钢膜的渗透通量，然后再和清水中的渗透通量作比较，研究影响因素和改进的方法。

3.在过滤过程中，由于悬浮液中有大颗粒的存在，这会膜管表面堵塞，造成渗透通量的减小，所以我们拟采用反洗工艺和原位超声技术对不锈钢膜进行清洗，再次比较过滤后在悬浮液中和在清水中的渗透通量，查看超声技术的强化作用以及反洗工艺的净化作用。

关键词： 多孔不锈钢膜 孔径分析 原位超声

Study on Filtration Performance of Porous Stainless Steel Film

ABSTRACT

Membrane separation technology, as the most advanced science and technology in twentieth Century, has been widely used in all walks of life. By virtue of his many advantages, such as high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, acid and alkali ability, simple and convenient operation, and so on, until the industry's favorable comments. At present, it has been widely used in the fields of chemical production, biological medicine, food safety and so on. Stainless steel membrane is the most widely used membrane material, but it has no unified measure of performance standards, so it is necessary to continue to do experiments to study. The main contents of this article are:

1. First of all,choosing the stainless steel is very important.The stainless steel films with different particle diameters were analyzed and characterized by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pore size analyzer respectively. The optimal membrane materials were selected for filtration experiment.
2. The filtration performance of porous stainless steel film was investigated. Because of the need for repeated testing, we need timely cleaning.We improved the traditional filter device and joined the backwash process. After that, we tested the permeation flux of the stainless steel membrane by comparing the permeated flux of the activated carbon and the slurry in different concentrations, and then compared the permeation flux in the water to study the influencing factors and the improved method.
3. In the filtration process, there are some large particles in the suspension, which will block the surface of the membrane, resulting in reduced permeability, so we intended to use backwash technology and in situ ultrasonic technology to clean the
4. stainless steel membrane, After filtration, the permeation flux in the suspension and in the clear water is examined for the enhancement of the ultrasonic technique and the purification of the backwash process.

Key words: porous stainless steel ;membrane pore size analysis; In-situ ultrasound

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1 课题的背景和目的 1

1.2 膜分离技术的发展 1

1.2.1 有机膜科学的发展历程 2

1.2.2 无机膜科学的发展历程 2

1.2.3 膜材料的分类 3

1.3 多孔不锈钢膜的国内外研究现状 4

1.4 不锈钢膜的表征测试 5

1.4.1 膜孔径分析方法 5

1.4.2 膜性能表征方法 6

1.5 主要研究内容 7

第二章 实验材料和实验装置 9

2.1 实验仪器 9

2.2 多孔不锈钢膜的制备 10

2.3 多孔不锈钢膜的表征 10

2.3.1 孔径和通量测试 11

2.3.2 表面和断面表征 13

2.3.3 纯水通量测试 14

2.4 过滤体系的配置与表征 15

第三章 试验数据处理与分析 18

3.1 膜孔径的选择 18

3.2 操作条件对膜通量的影响 18

3.2.1 物料浓度的影响 18

3.2.2 跨膜压差的影响 20

3.2.3 错流速率的影响 21

3.3 膜再生 22

3.3.1 去离子水反压清洗 22

3.3.2 超声清洗 24

第四章 结论与展望 26

4.1 结论 26

4.2展望 26

参考文献 27

致谢 29

第一章 文献综述

1.1 课题的背景和目的

随着全球工业化的发展和进步，能源问题^[1]逐渐成为影响工业发展的重要因素。但是，由于传统的化工单元操作没有得到及时的更新换代，能源的利用率下降，导致能耗增加，产品收率降低，加之能源利用造成的环境问题也日益得严重^[2]，所以改善老旧的化工单元操作，降低能源的损耗等一系列问题，为实现我国的可持续发展战略，亟待我们的专家学者去突破并解决之^[3]。

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